اثرات تغذیه با بلوط ایرانی بر عملکرد رشد، مصرف خوراک و ترکیب لاشه ماهی کپور معمولی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم‌الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران.

چکیده

از میوه بلوط به دلیل قیمت پایین به وفور به عنوان خوراک دام استفاده می‌شود. میوه بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii) تحت فرآیند کندن پوسته، خشک کردن و آسیاب کردن قرار گرفت. کل ترکیبات فنولی، ترکیبات فنولی غیر‌تاننی و تانن‌های متراکم در آرد بلوط به‌‌ترتیب 71/14، 35/0 و 60/6 گرم در 100 گرم ماده خشک بود. پنج جیره با پروتئین و انرژی یکسان و سطوح متفاوت آرد بلوط برابر با 0 (شاهد)، 25 ، 50 ، 75 و 100 گرم در کیلوگرم آماده شد. تعداد 435 قطعه بچه ماهی 3/0 گرمی به‌‌طور تصادفی در 15 مخزن با سه تکرار توزیع و به‌مدت 10 هفته تغذیه شدند. آنالیز مقایسه چند جمله‌ای متعامد نشان داد از لحاظ بلع غذا، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، ذخیره پروتئین، درصد خاکستر لاشه و نرخ زنده‌مانی تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تیمارها وجود نداشت (05/0<P). تغذیه از بلوط به‌طور معنی‌دار بر وزن ماهی پس از چهار هفته، وزن نهایی پس از 10 هفته، طول کل، ارتفاع سر، نرخ رشد ویژه، ضریب چاقی، نرخ بازدهی پروتئین، ذخیره چربی و محتوای چربی و رطوبت لاشه مطابق با مدل چند جمله‌ای خطی (LOP) و بر محتوای پروتئین خام لاشه مطابق با مدل چند جمله‌ای مکعبی (COP) با سطح بهینه بلوط برابر با 28/64 – 00/25 گرم در کیلوگرم اثر گذاشت. مصرف آرد بلوط سبب بهبود سطح پروتئین لاشه شد اما بر عملکرد رشد و سطوح رطوبت و چربی لاشه اثر منفی داشت. بنابراین حتی اگر مقدار آرد بلوط فاقد پوسته در جیره کم (5/2 درصد) باشد، مصرف آن بدون عمل‌آوری بیشتر مجاز نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of dietary Iranian acorn on the growth performance, feed utilization and carcass composition of common carp

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hojjatollah Alamdari 1
  • Mehri Negahban 2
  • Akram Karimzadeh 2
1 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
2 Bachelor, Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Oak acorn is widely used as animal feed due to its low price. Oak acorns (Quercus brantii) were processed by de-hulling, drying and milling. In acorn flour, the total phenolic compounds, non-tannin phenols and condensed tannins were 14.71, 0.35 and 6.60 g/100g on the basis of dry matter respectively. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with different levels of acorn at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg, were prepared. A total of 435 fish (average weight 0.3 g) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks with three replicates and fed for 10 weeks. Polynomial orthogonal contrast analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in terms of feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein retention, carcass ash and survival rate between treatments (p>0.05). Dietary intake of acorn significantly affected the weight after four weeks, final weight after 10 weeks, total length, head depth, specific growth rate, condition factor, protein efficiency ratio, lipid retention and carcass lipid and moisture contents, which represented linear order polynomial (LOP) models, but crude protein content of carcass displayed a cubic order polynomial (COP) model, using optimal acorn flour levels of 25.00 – 64.28 g/kg. Acorn flour improved the protein level of carcass, but deteriorated the growth performance and carcass lipid and moisture levels. Therefore, even if the amount of de-hulled acorn flour in the diet is low (2.5 % of diet), it is not allowed to use it without further processing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • oak acorn flour
  • feed formulation
  • growth performance
  • carcass analysis
  • common carp

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مجله بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان
دوره 12، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 17-27

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