بررسی وضعیت ذخایرکیلکای معمولی Clupeonella cultriventris caspia در سواحل ایرانی دریای خزر (1400-1399)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، کارشناس‌ارشد سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، ساری، ایران

2 دانشیار سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، تهران، ایران

5 کارشناس سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، ساری، ایران

6 کارشناس‌ارشد سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری آب‌های داخلی، انزلی، ایران.

7 کارشناس سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

در این تحقیق شاخص های زیستی و ذخیره جمعیت گونه کیلکای معمولی در سواحل ایران طی سالهای 1399و 1400 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. میزان صید کیلکا در کل سواحل ایرانی دریای خزر در سال 1399 معادل 20050 تن بوده که با در صد تغییرات بسیار کمی به 20138 تن در سال 1400 رسیده است. میزان صید در واحد تلاش بترتیب 298/2 و 321/2 تن بازاء هر شناور در هر شب بوده است. میانگین طول چنگالی ماهی(± انحراف معیار) کیلکای معمولی در مجموع نر و ماده 1/11±9/100 میلیمتر، حداقل و حداکثر طول چنگالی بترتیب 5/62 و 5/137 میلیمتر بوده است و همواره ماهیان با گروه سنی3 و 4 سال بترتیب با 9/78 و 9/77 درصد بیشترین فراوانی را داشته اند. میزان ذخایر این گونه ماهی کیلکای معمولی در سالهای 1399 و 1400 بترتیب حدود 92653 و3/78135 تن برآورد شد و ماهیان 3 ساله بیشترین میزان ذخایر را داشتند (بترتیب 1/31615 و 6/22672 تن). میزان زیتوده مولدین این گونه بترتیب برابر 6/44277 و 5/41606 تخمین زده شد. نسبت زیتوده مولدین به کل نیز بترتیب 8/47 و 2/53 در صد بود. میزان صید بیولوژیک قابل قبول این ماهی با رویکرد احتیاطی 18000 تن برآورد شد. میزان صید این گونه در سواحل ایران در ده سال اخیر بطور میانگین1904± 22769 تن بوده که بیشتر از صید قابل قبول بیولوژبک یعنی 18000 تن میباشد که در واقع میزان قابل برداشت مجاز از ذخایر این ماهی رعایت نشده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the status of stocks of the common kilka Clupeonella cultriventris caspia in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2020-2021)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aliasghar Janbaz 1
  • Hassan Fazli 2
  • Seyed Aminollah Taghavi 3
  • Mastooreh Doustdar 4
  • Faramarz Bagherzadeh Afroozi 5
  • Kambiz Khedmati 6
  • Gholameza Razeghian 7
1 Corresponding Author, M.Sc., Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Sari, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
5 Expert, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Sari, Iran
6 M.Sc., Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Inland Waters Aquaculture Research, Anzali, Iran
7 Expert, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the biological indicators (length, weight, age) and the stock of the common kilka (Clupeonella caspia) in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea were investigated in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that the amount of kilka caught was 20050 tons in 2020, reached 20138 tons in 2021, and presented fairly stable. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) was 2.298 and 2.321 tons per vessel per night, respectively. The average fork length (± standard deviation) of common kilka (male and female) was 100.9 ± 11.1 mm, and the minimum and maximum were 62.5 and 137.5 mm, respectively. In the catch composition, age groups of 3 and 4 years dominated the catch, representing 78.9% and 77.9%, respectively. In the years 2020 and 2021, the total biomass was estimated to be 92653 and 78135.3 tons, age 3 had the highest biomass (31615.1 and 22672.6 tons, respectively). The biomass of mature individuals were 44277.6 and 41606.5, respectively. The ratio of matures to the total biomass was 47.8% and 53.2%, respectively. The acceptable biological catch (ABC) of this species was estimated at 18,000 tons with a precautionary approach. During the last decade, the average catch of this species was 22769 ± 1904 tons, which is more than the estimated ABC.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "kilka fishes"
  • "Biological Indix"
  • " Biomass"
  • "Acceptable Biological Catch"
  • "Caspian Sea"

مراجع

1.Karpyuk, M.I., Katunin, D.N., Abdusamadov, A.S., Vorobyeva, A.A., Lartseva, L.V., Sokolski, A.F., Kamakin, A.M., Resnyanski, V.V., and Abdulmedjidov, A. 2004. Results of research into Mnemiopsis leidyi impact on the Caspian Sea ecosystem and development of biotechnical principles of possible introduction of Beroe ovata for biological control of Mnemiopsis population. First Regional Technical Meeting, February 22-23, 2004. Tehran. 2004; pp. 44-64. http://www.caspianenvironment.org.
2.Fazli, H., Janbaz, A.A., Parafkandeh, F., Sayad Razavi, B., Kor, D.Taleshian, H., and Bagherzadeh, F. 2007. Monituring (Biology and Catch) Kilka fishes in the catch area in 2002-2004. Ministry of Jihad–e–Agriculture., Agricultur Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 81-0710342000-02.
3.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Pourgholam, R., and Abdolmaleki, Sh. 2013. Catch and stocks of common Clupeonella cultriventris caspia kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (1996-2011). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science. 22: 3. 13-21. 
4.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Abdolmaleki, Sh., Moghim, M., Kor, D., Afraei Bandpei, M.A., Daryanabard, Gh., Salavatian, S.M., Nikpour, M., Khedmati, K., Rastin, R., and Rezvani, Gh. 2016. The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Ministry of Jihad–e–Agriculture, Agriculture Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 0-76-12-91142.
5.Janbaz A.A., Khedmati. K., Fazli, H., Valinassab, T., Bagherzadeh Afroozi, F., Mollaei, H., Taleshian, H., Daryanabard, Gh., Tahmasbi, M., and Razeghian, Gh. 2019. Investigation of some biological properties and stock assessment of
Kilka fishes On the Iranian coastal of the Caspian Sea. Ministry of Jihad–e–Agriculture, Agriculture Research, Education and, Education and  Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 0-76-12- 034-960845.
6.Pourgholam, R., Sedov, V., Yermalchev, V., Besharat, K., and Fazli, H. 1996. Stock Assessment of Kilka Fishes by HydroAcoustic Method, 1994–95. Final report. Mazandaran Fisheries Research Center, Sari. (In Persian)    
7.Fazli, H., and Besharat, K. 1998. Stocks Assessment of Kilka fish Hydro Aquatic method and catch area monitouring. Ministry of Jihad–e–Agriculture., Agricultur Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization Mazandaran, 105p.
8.Fazli, H., Janbaz, A.A., and Khedmati, K. 2020. Risk of stock extinction in two species of kilkas (Clupeonella engrauliformis and C. grimmi) from the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology. Accepted manuscript. doi: 10.22034/iji.v7i1.371. Iran. J. Ichthyol. 7: 1. 92-100.
9.Fazli, H., Janbaz, A.A., and Ghasemi, Sh. 2016. Stock assessment and maximum sustainable yield of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris Borodin, 1904) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science.
25: 4. 87-100.
10.Fazli, H., Janbaz, A.A., Ghasemi, Sh., and Nasrollahzadeh, H. 2017. Population dynamics and stock assessment of kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Ministry of Jihad – e – Agriculture., Agricultur Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 2-76-12-91143.
11.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Pourgholam, R., Kaymaram, F., Afraei Bandpei, M.A., Abdolmaleki, S., and Khedmati, K. 2012. Fishery and biological aspects of anchovy Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) in the southern Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science. 11: 4. 796-806.
12.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Parafkandeh, F., Ghasemi, Sh., Abdolmaleki, Sh., Moghim, M., Kor, D., Pourgholam, R., Nikpour, M., Bagherzadeh Afroozi, F., Khedmati, K., Azari, A., Nahrevar, R., Rastin, R., and Ghaninejad, D. 2013. Biological and stocks investigation of kilka fishes for sustainable yield in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Ministry of Jihad – e – Agriculture., Agricultur Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 0-76-12-88071.
13.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Afraei Bandpei, M.A., Razeghian, Gh., Bagherzadeh Afroozi, F., and Khedmati, K. 2019. Biological aspects and growth Clupeonella cultriventris caspia on the coast of Iran in the last decade. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science. 28: 6. 99-109.
14.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Khedmati, K., Valinassab, T., Taghavi Motlagh, A., Vahabnejad, A., Bagherzadeh Afroozi, F., Mollaei, H., Taleshian, H., Daryanabard, Gh., Nikpoor Mahmoodabad, M., Hasannia, H., Razeghian, Gh., Alavi Tabari, E.S., Taghipour, H., Mahmodi, A. 2021. Biologic Parameters And Stock Assessment of Kilka Fishes of The Caspian Sea. Ministry of Jihad–e–Agriculture, Agricultur Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 0-76-12-022-970981.
15.Janbaz, A.A., Fazli, H., Parafkandeh, F., Abdolmaleki, Sh., Moghim, M., Kor, D., Afraei Bandpei, M.A., Daryanabard, Gh., Bagheri, S., Khedmati, K., Shabani, Kh., Nahrevar, R., Rastin, R., and Rostamian, M.T. 2011. Biological aspect of Kilka (Age, Growth, Feeding, and Reproduction) in the Southern of Caspian Sea. Ministry of Jihad – e – Agriculture, Agricultur Research, Education and, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 0-0100-200000- 02- 8601- 86001.
16.Chilton, D.E. and Richard, J. Beamish. 1982. Age determination methods for fishes studied by the Groundfish program at the Pacific Biological Station Con. Spec. Publ. Aquat. Sci. 60: 102.
17.Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 191: 1-382.
18.Zhang, C.I., and Megrey, B.A. 2006. A revised Alverson and Carney model for estimating the instantaneous rate of natural mortality. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135: 620-633.
19.King, M. 1995.Fisheries biology, assessment and management. Fishing News Book. 342p.
20.Zhang, C.I., and Sullivan, P.J. 1988. Biomass-based cohort analysis that incorporates growth. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 117, 180-189.
21.Beverton, R.J.H., and Holt, S.J. 1957. A review of methods for estimating mortality rates in fish population, with special reference to sources of bias in catch sampling. Rapport Proces- Verbaux Reunion de Conseil Permanent International pour Exploration de la Mer. 140: 67-83.
22.Anon. 1998. To redefine acceptable biological catch and overfishing. Environmental Assessment/Regulatory Impact Review for Amendment 44 to the Fishery Management Plan. Prepared by staff, NMFS/AFSC, 23p.
23.Zhang, C.I., and Lee, J.B. 2001. Stock assessment and management implications of horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in Korean waters, based on the relationships between recruitment and the ocean environment. Progress in Oceanogrophy, 49: 513-537.
24.Gulland, J.A. 1983. Fish Stock Assessment: A Manual of Basic Methods. Wiley Interscience, FAO/Wiley Series on Food and Agriculture, Chichester UK. 1983.
25.Patterson, K. 1992. Fisheries for small plagic species an empirical approach to management targets.Rewiews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2: 4. 321-338.
مجله بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان
دوره 11، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 123-135

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار