بررسی ارتباط بین افزودنیهای خوراکی با میزان استرس ماهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، گروه تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

تغذیه صحیح تضمین کننده بقا، رشد مناسب و سلامت آبزی می‌باشد. صنعت آبزی پروری همواره دارای عوامل استرس‌زا مانند تراکم بالا، حمل و نقل، دستکاری و تغییر کیفیت آب است که موجب اثر نامطلوب بر سلامتی و رشد ماهیان می‌شود. در ماهی ، عوامل استرس‌زا آبشار هورمونی را در محورهای هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز- اینترنال (HPI) و هیپوتالاموس-سمپاتیک-کرومافین (HSC) آغاز می‌کند تا چندین واکنش فیزیولوژیکی را برای تنظیم و حفظ هموستاز ایجاد کند و تأثیرات منفی بر فرآیندهای مختلف فیزیولوژیکی ماهی مانند رشد، تولیدمثل و ایمنی را ایجاد می‌کند. در پرورش ماهی، چندین راه برای جلوگیری از بروز تاثیرات منفی استرس و دستیابی به حداکثر سلامتی حیوان بدون تأثیر بر عملکرد تولید، به کار گرفته می‌شود که استفاده از استراتژی‌های جدید تغذیه، روشی آسان و عملی برای بهبود وضعیت سلامتی ماهی است. تغییرات نسبت پروتئین، چربی‌ها و کربوهیدرات‌ها در رژیم غذایی، استفاده از ویتامین‌ها به ویژه اسید اسکوربیک، مواد جدید حاصل علم بیوتکنولوژی مانند انواع پروبیوتیک‌ها، نوکلئوتیدها و پلی ساکاریدها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته‌اند که بیشترین مطالعات به ترتیب در رابطه با افزودن اسیدهای آمینه، ویتامین‌ها، اسیدهای چرب، پروبیوتیک‌ها و مواد معدنی بوده است. مواد تحریک کننده ایمنی به صورت افزودنی به مواد غذایی تجویز می‌شوند که معمولاً مکانیسم‌های دفاعی ذاتی (غیر اختصاصی) و مقاومت را در برابر عوامل بیماری‌زای خاص افزایش می‌دهند و ممانعت از سرکوب سیستم ایمنی ناشی از استرس را افزایش می‌دهند. در این بررسی مروری، پاسخ های مختلف فیزیولوژیکی در میان گونه‌های ماهی که با رژیم‌های غذایی کاهش دهنده تنش تغذیه می‌شوند، ارزیابی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A survey on effect of nutrient additives and stress in fishes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Valiollah Jafari 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi Rezaei 2
1 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Proper nutrition is one of the most important pillars of success in the aquaculture industry, which accounts for about 50% of costs and on the other hand ensures survival, proper growth and aquatic health. The aquaculture industry always has stressors such as high density, transportation, manipulation and changes in water quality that have an adverse effect on fish health and growth. In fish, stressors initiate hormonal cascades along the hypothalamic-pituitary-internal (HPI) and hypothalamic-sympathetic-chromaffin (HSC) axes to trigger several physiological reactions to regulate and maintain homeostasis and adversely affect various fish physiological processes such as Grows growth, reproduction and immunity. In fish farming, several ways are used to prevent the negative effects of stress and achieve maximum animal health without affecting production performance, and the use of new feeding strategies is an easy and practical way to improve the health of fish. Changes in the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet, the use of vitamins, especially ascorbic acid, new substances in biotechnology such as probiotics, nucleotides and polysaccharides have been studied. Fatty acids, probiotics and minerals. Immunosuppressants are prescribed as food additives, which usually increase innate (non-specific) defense mechanisms and resistance to certain pathogens, and increase inhibition of stress-induced immune suppression. In this review, different physiological responses were assessed among fish species fed stress-reducing diets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nutrition
  • dietary supplement
  • stress reduction
  • survival and safety
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