بررسی اکولوژیکی دیاتومه های رودخانه چهل چای استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد سیستماتیک و اکولوژی گیاهی، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس،

2 استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

3 استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

چکیده

دیاتوم ها گروهی از جلبکها هستند که در زیر میکروسکوپ نوری به رنگ‌های زرد قهوه ای و با دارا‎‎‎ بودن یک دیواره سیلیسی ضخیم شناسایی می‌شوند. این موجودات ترجیحات و تحمل اکولوژیکی مشخصی دارند که آنها را شاخصهای مفیدی برای شرایط اکولوژیکی ساخته و امروزه بطور گسترده ای در بحث کیفیت آب بکار می روند. رودخانه چهل چای یکی از سرشاخه های بزرگ گرگان رود می باشد. در مطالعه حاضر دیاتومه های اپی لیت و اپی پل این رودخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه برداری بصورت فصلی طی سال 1395 در 5 ایستگاه انجام گرفت. همراه با نمونه های دیاتومه‎ای پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی آب نیز مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. بطور کلی در این بررسی 32 گونه متعلّق به 18 جنس شناسایی گردید. بزرگترین جنس‌ها از نظر تعداد گونه، Nitzschia با 5 گونه و Gomphonema با 4 گونه بودند. بیشترین فراوانی ها در نمونه های اپی پل متعلق به گونه های Cymbella affinis، Navicula tripunctata، Nitzschia dissipata و Rhoicosphenia abbreviate و در نمونه های اپی لیت نیز Achnanthidium gracillimum ، Cymbella affinis، Diatoma monoliformis و Navicula tripunctata بود. بطور کلی در این بررسی پارامترهای pH، فسفات، دما، نیترات، آمونیوم، سیلیس، EC و TDS عمده‌ترین پارامترهای تأثیرگذار روی پراکنش دیاتومه‌های رودخانه چهل‌چای تشخیص داده شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological study of the diatoms in Chehel Chay River in Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Lakzaie 1
  • Jamileh Panahy Mirzahasanlou 2
  • Mohammad Gholizadeh 3
  • Abolfazl Daneshvar 2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of basic science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad kavous, Iran
2 Department of biology, faculty of basic science, gonbad kavous university, gonbad kavous, Iran.
3 Gonbad Kavous University
چکیده [English]

Diatoms are a group of algae, identifiable under the light microscope by their yellow-brown coloration and by presence of a thick silica wall. These organisms have particular ecologic preferences and tolerances, which make them useful indicators for ecological conditions, and nowadays are used in water quality issues extensively. Chehel Chay River is one of main tributaries of Gorgan Rud. In this survey, epilithic and epipelic diatoms of this river were studied. Sampling was done seasonally from 5 stations on river during 2016. Along with diatom samples, physic-chemical parameters of water were analysed. In total, 32 species belongs to 18 genera were identified. The biggest genera according to species number were Nitzschia with 5 species and Gomphonema with 4 species. Dominant species in epipelic samples were Cymbella affinis, Navicula tripunctata, Nitzschia dissipata and Rhoicosphenia abbreviate and in epilithic samples: Achnanthidium gracillimum, Cymbella affinis, Diatoma moniliformis and Navicula tripunctata. In this study, pH, phosphate, temperature, nitrate, ammonium, silica, EC and TDS were recognized as most effective parameters on distribution of diatoms in Chehel Chay River.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Epilith
  • Epipel
  • diversity index
  • Water quality
APHA. 1999. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. American public health association, American water works Association, Water environment federation. Waldorf, Maryland.
Atazadeh, I., Sharifi, M., and Kelly, M.G. 2007. Evaluation of the Trophic Diatom Index for assessing water quality in River Gharasou, western Iran. Hydrobiologia. 589: 165-173. 
Bellinger, E.G., and Sigee, D.C. 2010. Freshwater Algae, Identification and Use as Bioindicators. Wiley-Blackwell.
Berthon V., Bouchez A., and Rimet F. 2011. Using diatom life-forms and ecological guilds to assess organic pollution and trophic level in rivers: a case study of rivers in south-eastern France. Hydrobiologia, 673: 259-271.
Cantonati, M., Angeli, N., Bertuzzi, E., Spitale, D., and Lange- Bertalot, H. 2012. Diatoms in springs of the Alps: spring types, Environmetal determinants and substratum. Freshw Sci. 31: 499-524.
Fourtanier, E., and Kociolek, J.P. 2009. Catalogue of diatom names. San Francisco, California, USA, California Academy of Sciences.
.Guiry, M.D., and Guiry, G.M. 2014. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org.
Jamalou, F., Fallahian, F., Nejadsattari, T., and Majd, A. 2005. Diatom flora of the Jajrud River. Journal of Envirnmental science and Technology. 7: 3. 98-113.
(In Persian)
Kheiri, S., Nejadsattari, T., Hamdi, S., and Asri, Y. 2012. Periphytic diatom flora of River Karaj and 25 new records from Iran. Journal of Biology. 7: 1. 1-22.
(In Persian)
Krammer, K., and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1986. Bacillariophyceae, L. Naviculaceae. In: Etti, H. Gerloff, J., Heyning, H., Mollenhauer, D., (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag. Jena. Vol. 1, 876p.
Krammer, K., and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1988. Bacillariophyceae, 2. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In: Etti, H. Gerloff, J. Heyning, H. Mollenhauer, D. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart. Vol. 2. 596p.
Krammer, K., and Lange-Bertalot, H., 1991a. Bacillariophyceae, Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In: Etti, H. Gerloff, J. Heyning, H. Mollenhauer, D. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart. 3, 576p.
Krammer, K., and Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae, Achnanthaceae. Kritische Erganzungenzu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. In: Etti, H. Gerloff, J. Heyning, H. Mollenhauer, D. (eds), Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag. Stuttgart. 4, 437p.
Lysakova, M., Kitner, M., and Poulickova, A. 2007. The epipelic algae of fishponds of central and Northern Moravia (The Czech Republic). Fottea, Olomouc. 7: 69-75.
Masoudian, N., Fallahian, F., Nejadsattari, T., Mattaji, A., and Khavarinejad, R. 2009. Epilithic diatoms as indicators of water quality in the Tajan River, Mazandaran province, Iran. Biological sciences (danish-i zisti-i iran). 4: 2. 57-66. (In Persian)
Panahy, A. 2017. Study of diatoms of Anbaran Chay River in Ardabil province in relation to water quality as bioindicators. MSc thesis, Islamic Azad University of Ardabil branch, 63p.
(In Persian)
Panahy, J. 2014. An investigation of algal community structure of Yamchi dam, it’s upstream and effect of dam on downstream’s algal communities. PhD thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. 299p. (In Persian)
Patrick, R.R., and Reimer, C.W. 1975. The Diatoms of the United States. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1.
Pourheydar Khoshkrudi, B., Jafari, N., and Naqinezhad, A. 2014. An ecological and floristic study of the diatoms in Babolrud River. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 6: 19. 43-56.
Ramachandra, T.V., Ahalya, N., and Murthy, C.R. 2005. Aquatic ecosystems Conservation, restoration and Management capital publishing Company.
Ramezanpour, Z., Sharifinia, M., and Imanpour Namin, J. 2013.Biodiversity of diatom population in the Masouleh stream, Guilan, Iran. Taxonomy and Biosystematics., 5 : 15. 37-48.
Sabater, S., and Admiraal, W. 2005. Biofilms as biological indicators in managed aquatic ecosystems. In Azim, M.E., Verdegem, M.C.J., van Dam, A.A., and Beveridge, M.C.M. (eds.) Periphyton: Ecology, Exploitation and Management. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, Pp: 159-177.
Sharifinia, M., Mahmudifard, A., Gholami, K., Imanpour Namin, J., and Ramezanpour, Z. 2016. Benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages, a key for evaluation of river health and pollution in the Shahrood River, Iran. Limnology. 17: 95-109.
Smucker, N.J., and Vis, M.L. 2011. Spatial factors contribute to benthic diatom structure in streams across spatial scales: considerations for biomonitoring. Ecol Indic. 11: 5. 1191-1203.
Soltanpour Gargari, A., Lodenius, M., and Hinz, F. 2011. Epilithic diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from streams in Ramsar, Iran. Acta Bot. Croat. 70: 2. 167-190.
Spaulding, S.A., Lubinski, D.J., and Potapova, M. 2010. Diatoms of the United States. http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu Accessed on 04 July, 2016.
Taylor, J.C., Harding, W.R., and Archibald, C.G.M. 2007. A methods manual for the collection, preparation and analysis of diatom samples. ver. 1. Water Research Commission.
Van Dam, H., Mertens, A., and Sinkeldam, J. 1994. A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology. 26: 117–133.
Verb, R.G., and Vis, M.L. 2000. Comparison of benthic diatom assemblages from streams draining abandoned and reclaimed coal mines and non impacted sites. J.N. Am Benthol Soc. 19: 2. 274–288.