بررسی اثر فیتوبیوتیک های بومی بر پاسخ ایمنی ماهی ها و سخت پوستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات شیلات ایران

2 دانشکده شیلات و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار، دانشکده شیلات و منابع طبیعیى دانشگاه گرگان

4 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ،مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان، ، سراوان

چکیده

تقاضای روزافزون جهانی غذا و پرورش آبزیان و محدودیتهای ذخایر طبیعی آبزیان، رویکرد آبزی پروی را به سمت کشت متراکم و فوق متراکم سوق داده است. میزان آلایندگی آب در این سیستم ها بیشتر از سیتمهای نیمه متراکم و باز بوده و میزان آلایندگی آب، و احتمال بروز بیماری در آنها بیشتر خواهد بود. با توجه به قوانین بین المللی در زمینه ممنوعیت مصرف و کاربرد آنتی بیوتیکها در آبزی پروری، اهمیت افزودنیهای غذایی و مکمل های ایمنی بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. استفاده از واکسن نیز بدلیل اختصاصی بودن عوامل بیماری‌زا و هزینه بالا، با محدودیت مواجه است. بررسی پژوهش‌های صورت گرفته نشان میدهد که استفاده از پروبیوتیکها، پربیوتیکها، سین بیوتیکها و داروهای گیاهی از اقبال و موفقیت خوبی در کنترل عوامل بیماریزای آبزیان برخوردار بوده است. در این میان، گیاهان منابع ارزان‌تری برای درمان بیماری‌ها و حفظ محیط زیست بوده و در مقایسه با مواد شیمیایی عوارض جانبی کمتری دارند. بررسی حاضر به توصیف نقش گیاهان دارویی بومی کشور و اهمیت فرآورده‌های آن‌ها در بهبود عملکرد سیستم ایمنی ماهیان و سخت پوستان می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of native phytobiotic effects on immune response of fish and shellfish

چکیده [English]

The increasing demands for food and aquaculture besides the limited natural resources caused the changes of culture systems towards intensive and super-intensive culture in which water is more polluted and probability of developing diseases is higher compared to semi-intensive and open systems. Since application of antibiotics in aquaculture is prohibited under international laws, administration of food additives and immunity complements as a substitute for antibiotics has been studied in the past decade. Application of vaccines is also limited due to host specificity of pathogens as well as the high cost of vaccines. The review of literatures revealed that administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and herbal medicines has been the successful approaches for controlling pathogens. Among those approaches, herbal medicines are cheaper for treatment of aquatic organisms, protect the environment, and have fewer side effects compared to chemicals. This present manuscript reviews the effects of native medicinal plants and their derivate on the immune response of fish and crustaceans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phytobiotics
  • aquaculture
  • Immunostimulants
  • Herbal medicine
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