بررسی جوامع بزرگ بی‌مهرگان کف‌زی رودخانه‌های قشلاق و گاوه‌رود (استان کردستان) بر اساس شاخص زیستی هیلسنهوف (HFBI)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران.

2 پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

بزرگ بی‌مهرگان کف‌زی به‌عنوان یک شاخص زیستی و بیان کننده شرایط محیط زندگی خود هستند. تحقیق حاضر در راستای طرح مطالعات پایش کیفی سد مخزنی ژاوه که بر روی دو شاخه قشلاق و گاوه‌رود (استان کردستان) احداث شد به اجرا در آمد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت بزرگ بی‌مهرگان کف‌زی رودخانه به‌منظور تعیین تراکم و فراوانی گروه‌های مختلف آن‌ها و تعیین کیفیت آب رودخانه بر اساس شاخص زیستی هیلسنهوف صورت گرفت. نمونه‌برداری به‌صورت فصلی از 5 ایستگاه با سه تکرار انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری از ایستگاه‌های تعیین شده در پائیز 1399 شروع و تا تابستان 1400 (4 فصل) ادامه داشت. نمونه‌ها توسط الکل اتیلیک 70 درصد تثبیت و در آزمایشگاه جداسازی، شناسایی و شمارش شدند. برای شناسایی نمونه‌ها، از کلیدهای معتبر استفاده و شاخص زیستی هیلسنهوف، بر اساس حضور نمونه‌ها در هر ایستگاه تعیین گردید. بررسی جوامع بزرگ بی‌مهرگان کف‌زی نشان داد که موجودات متعلق به 10 خانواده از 5 رده متعلق به زالوها، حشرات، سخت پوستان، کم‌تاران و دوکفه‌ای‌ها در ایستگاه‌های مورد بررسی، شناسایی شدند. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین فراوانی در ایستگاه 5 با 34 درصد و کمترین فراوانی در ایستگاه 2 با 7 درصد ثبت شد. بیشترین مقدار شاخص هیلسنهوف مربوط به فصل بهار با مقدار 45/7 و کمترین مقدار این شاخص مربوط به فصل پائیز با مقدار 79/6 بود. بر اساس شاخص زیستی هیلسنهوف، کیفیت آب ایستگاه 2 به‌دلیل نزدیکی به خروجی پساب کارخانه تصفیه در طبقه بسیار ضعیف و آلودگی شدید قرار گرفت و بررسی‌های بیشتر جهت هرگونه بهره‌برداری پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of benthic macroinvertebrate in Gheshlagh and Gaveh River (Kurdistan Province) based on the Hilsenhoff Biological Index (HFBI)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Matin Shakoori 1
  • Mohamad Ali Afraie Bandpei 2
  • Mehdi Naderi 3
  • Erfan Karimian 4
1 Corresponding Author, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
2 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran.
3 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran
4 Assistant Prof of Fisheries Department, Factualy of Natural Resources of University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Large invertebrates are known as biological indicators of their living environments. The present study was carried out in line with the quality monitoring studies of Zhaveh dam, which was constructed on the two branches of Gheshlagh and Gaveh River (Kurdistan Province). The purpose of this study was to investigate the large invertebrates in the river in order to determine the density and abundance of different large invertebrates and the quality of river water based on Hilsenhoff biological index. Large invertebrates sampling was done seasonally from autumn 2020 to summer 2021(4 seasons) at 5 stations with 3 replications. Samples were fixed with 70% ethyl alcohol and isolated, counted and counted in the laboratory. Large invertebrates were identified using a stereomicroscope and a valid key. The Hilsenhoff biological index was determined based on the presence of samples at each station. The results of the study of large invertebrates in different seasons and during one year showed that organisms belonging to 10 families from 5 order belonging to Hirudinea, Insecta, Crustacea, Oligochaeta and Bivalvia. Results showed that the highest abundance belonged to station 5 (34%) and lowest abundance belonged to station 2 (7%). The highest value of Hilsenhoff index was observed in spring (7.45) and the lowest value of this index was related to autumn (6.79). According to the HFBI Biological index, the water quality was classified as very poor and highly polluted due to its proximity to the effluent outlet of the treatment plant and further investigations are suggested for any exploitation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macroinvertebrate
  • Gheshlagh
  • Gaveh River
  • Kurdistan
  • Hilsenhoff Biological Index
1.Pirali Zefrehei, A.R., and Ebrahimi, A. 2017. Introduction of several biological indices for the assessment of river water quality. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development. 3: 2. 35-42.
2.Kim, S., Lee, H.G., Kang, S.M., and Yu, O.K. 2020. The Influence of Manila Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) on Macrobenthos Communities in a Korean Tidal Ecosystem. Sustainability. 12: 4205-4217.
3.Kevin, B.L., and Vincent, H.R. 2011. Development and validation of a macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity [IBI] for assessing urban impacts to Northern California freshwater wetlands. Environ Monit Assess. 6: 3653-3674.
4.Amini, A., and Goftari, Z. 2016. Evaluation of the effects of Zhavah Dam on neighboring rural areas, Sanandaj city. Journal of Geography and Regional Advice. 15: 1. 213-236.
5.Shokripour, Z., and Ashjaardalan, A. 2016. Identify and evaluate the diversity of macrobenthos in Karaj River. Journal of Animal Researches. 29: 4. 442-453.
6.Roghanizadegan, N., Mohammadi-Rouzbahani, M., and Dehghan, M. 2012. Bio-evaluation of Dez River by structure of macrobenetic populations and Hilsenhoff index. The 1st International Congress of Iranian Environmental tensions and Ways to Improve It. Kish Island. Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz Branch. 113p.
7.Gholizadeh, M., and Izadi, S. 2018. A study of the effects of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms on communities macroinvertebrates based on the biological indicators of Zarin Gol creek - Golestan province. Journal of Aquaculture Ecology. 8: 3. 108-119.
8.Jalili, S. 2020. Water Quality Assessment Based on HFBI and BMWP Index in Karoon River, Khuzestan Province, (Northwest of Persian Gulf). Anthropogenic Pollution Journal. 4: 1. 36-49.
9.Alizadeh, M., Hosseini, S.A., Jafaryan, H., Ghorbani1, R., and Gholizadeh, M. 2018. Evaluation of ecological and biochemical indices of macrobenthic community in the Sari-Su River (Qarnaveh). Journal of Aquaculture Science. 6: 9. 75-88.
10.Amani, K., Khushnavazi, R., and Hallaj, R. 2013. Investigating the physical and chemical properties of Gheshlagh river water in Sanandaj. Completed research project. 178p.
11.Gholizadeh, M., and Hajili Davaji, M. 2021. A comparative analysis of biotic indices using macroinvertebrates to assess water quality in Mobarakabad River, Golestan Province. Journal of Fisheries. 74: 4. 525-541.
12.Pennak, R.W. 1953. Freshwater invertebrates of United States. The Ronald Press Company, New York.
13.Ortize, J.D., and Puig, M.A. 2007. Point source effects on density, biomass and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate in a meditaranean stream. River Research and Applications. 23: 155-170.
14.Hauer, F.R., and Lamberti, G.A. 2007. Methods in stream ecology. Elsevier In. 854p.
15.Needham, J.G. 1962. A guide to the study of Fresh-water biology. HOLDEN-DAYINC., San francisco. 107p.
16.Edmondson, W.T. 1959. Fresh water biology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Washington. 124 p.
17.Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1988. Rapid field assessment of organic pollution with a family level biotic index. Journal of North American Benthological Society. 7: 1. 65-68.
18.Foomani, A., Gholizadeh, M., Harsij, M., and Salavatian, S.M. 2019. Spatial and temporal variations in benthic macroinvertebrates communities Shanbeh- bazar waterway, Anzali wetland leading to the Caspian Sea. Journal of Aquaculture Ecology. 8: 4. 87-95.
19.Hashemian, A. 2016. Limnology study and evaluation of Sanandaj Azad Dam reservoirs in order to carried out fishing activities. Part of the report on the study of density and mass of macrobenthos of Sanandaj Azad Dam. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. 180p.
20.Naderi, M. Pourgholam, R., Farabi, M.V., Yusefian, M., Varadi, E., Najafpor, SH., and Ganjian, A. 2015. Limnological study of Sabalan Dam tailings in order to build a cold water fish factory. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. 60p.
21.Gholizadeh, M., and Pakravan, M.H. 2019. Investigation of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Besed on Bio-indicator in Zarin Gol River, Golestran Provinc. Journal of Environmental Science Technology. 21: 8. 221-232.
22.Afraie Bandapi, M.A., Shakoori, M., Naderi, M., and Rouhi, A. 2019. Preliminary report on the investigation of Meijran dam. Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center. 10p.
23.Varnosfaderany, M.N., Ebrahimi, E., Mirghaffary, N., and Safyanian, A. 2010. Biological assessment of the Zayandeh Rud River, Iran, using benthic macroinvertebrates. Limnologica, 40: 226-232.
24.Sarafian, M., Eidi, M., and Ashja-ardalan, A. 2020. Identification of macrobenthos in the proximal part of the Kan River, Tehran province. Journal of Animal Environment. 12: 2. 389-400.
25.Ashja Ardalan, A., Eidi, M., and Gorji Azandariani, M. 2021. Identification of macrofauna in the Achiroud River in chaboksar area, Gilan province. Journal of Fisheries. 74: 4. 543-556.