Adineh, H., Naderi, M., Khademi Hamidi, M., and Harsij, M. 2019. Biofloc technology improves growth, innate immune responses, oxidative status, and resistance to acute stress in common carp (
Cyprinus carpio) under high stocking density. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 95: 440-448.
https://doi. org/ 10.1016/ j.fsi.2019.10.057.
Ahmad, H.I., Verma, A.K., Babitha Rani, A.M., Rathore, G., Saharan, N., andGora, A.H. 2016. Growth, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila in biofloc systems using different carbon sources. Aquaculture. 457: 61-67.
Aalimahmoudi, M., and
Mohammadiazarm. H. 2019. Dietary protein level and carbon/nitrogen ratio manipulation in bioflocs rearing of
Cyprinus carpio juvenile: Evaluation of growth performance, some blood biochemical and water parameters. Aquaculture.513: 734408.
Avnimelech, Y. 1999. Carbon and nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture. 176: 227-235.
Avnimelech, Y. 2012. Biofloc Technology - A Practical Guide Book. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. 272p.
Bakhshi, F., Najdegerami, E.H., Manaffar, R., Tukmechi, A., and Farah, R.K. 2018. Use of different carbon sources for the biofloc system during the grow-out culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Aquqculture. 484: 259-267.
Brata, O. 1993. Veterinary Clinical Immunology laboratory, Bar- Lab Inc,2: 3. 24-25.
Bunglavan, S., Garg, A., Dass, R.,and Shrivastava, S. 2014. Effect of supplementation of different levels of selenium as nanoparticles/sodium selenite on blood biochemical profile and humoral immunity in male Wistar rats. Veterinary World. 7: 1075-1081.
Crab, R., Defoirdt, T., Bossir, P., and Verstraete, W. 2007. Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Aquaculture. 270: 1-14.
Crab, R., Kochva, M., Verstraete, W.,and Avnimelech, Y. 2009. Bioflocs technology application in over-wintering of tilapia. Aquaculture Engineering.40: 105-112.
Crab, R., Chielens, B., Wille, M., Bossier, P., and Verstraete, W. 2010a. The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional value of bioflocs, a feed for (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae. Aquaculture Research. 41: 559-567.
De Schryver, P., Crab, R., Defoirdt, T., Boon, N., and Verstraete, W. 2008.The basics of bioflocs technology:the added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture. 277: 125-137.
Ebrahimi, A.,
Akrami, R.,
Najdegerami, E.H.,
Ghiasvand, Z., and
Koohsari, H. 2020. Effects of different protein levels and carbon sources on water quality, antioxidant status and performance of common carp (
Cyprinus carpio) juveniles raised in biofloc based system. Aquaculture, 516: 639-734.
Ellis, A.E. 1990. Lysozyme assay. In: Stolen, J.S., Fletcher, D.P., Anderson, B.S., Robertson, B.S. (Eds.), Techniques in Fish Immunology. SOS Publication, Fair Haven, NJ, Pp: 101-103.
FAO. 2018. The state of world Fisheries and aquaculture (SOFIA) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture organization of the united nations Rome, Italy.
Hisano, H., Barbosa, P.T.L., Hayd, L.A., and Mattioli, C.C. 2021. Comparative study of growth, feed efficiency, and hematological profile of Nile tilapia fingerlings in biofloc technologyand recirculating aquaculture system. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 53: 60.
Hargreaves, J.A. 2006. Photosynthetic suspended-growth system in aquaculture. Aquacultural engineering. 34: 6. 344-63.
Johnson, A.M., Rohlfs, E.M., and Silverman, L.M. 1999. Proteins. In: Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R., Editors. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd edition. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company. Pp: 477-540.
Kajita, Y., Sakai, M., Atsuta, S.,
and Kobayash, M. 1990. The immunonodulatory effects of levamisole on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish Pathology. 25: 93-98.
Khanjani, M.H.,
and Sharifinia, M. 2020. Biofloc technology as a promising tool to improve aquaculture production. Reviews in aquaculture, 12: 3. 1836-1850.
Long, L., Yang, J., Li, Y., Guan, C., and Wu, F. 2015. Effect of biofloc technology on growth, digestive enzyme activity, hematology, and immune response of genetically improvedfarmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture. 448: 135-141.
Luo, G., GAO, Q., Wang, C., Liu, W., Sun, D., Li, L., and Tan, H. 2014. Growth, digestive activity, welfare, and partial cost-effectiveness of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system and an indoor biofloc system. Aquaculture. 422: 1-7.
Mansour, A.T., and Esteban, M.A. 2017. Effects of carbon sources and plant protein levels in a biofloc system on growth performance, and the immune and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish and ShellfishImmunology. 64: 202-209.
Nayak, S.K. 2010. Role of gastrointestinal microbiota in fish. Aquaculture Research. 41: 1553-1573.
Najdegerami, E., Bakhshi, F., and Bagherzadeh Lakani, F. 2016. Effects of biofloc on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and liver histology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings in zero-water exchange system, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 42: 2. 457-465.
Ray, A.J., Lewis, B.L., Browdy, C.L.,and Leffler, J.W. 2010a. Suspended Solids Removal To Improve Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Production And An Evaluation Of A Plant-Based Feed In Minimal-Exchange, Superintensive Culture Systems. Aquaculture. 299: 89-98.
Schneider, O., Sereti, V., Eding, E.H., and Verreth, J.A.J. 2005. Analysis of nutrient flows in integrated intensive aquaculture systems. Aquaculture Engineering. 32: 379-401.
Tanți, M. 2009. Normal serum biochemical parameters of juvenile stages great sturgeon. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies Institute for Research and Development in Aquatic Ecology, Fishing and Aquaculture (I.C.D.E.A.P.A Galati, Romania, in period 2007-2 009, 67(1-2) /2009Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X.
Verma, A.K., Babitha Rani, A.M., Rathore, G., Saharan, N., and Gora, A.H. 2016. Growth, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of (Labeo rohita) against Aeromonas hydrophila in biofloc systems using different carbon sources. Aquaculture. 457: 61-67.
Xu, W.J., and Pan, L.Q. 2013. Enhancement of immune response and antioxidant status of (Litopenaeus vannamei) juvenile in biofloc-based culture tanks manipulating high C/N ratio of feed input. Aquaculture.412-413: 117-124.
Zhang, M., Li, Y., Xu, D.H., Qiao, G., Zhang, J., Qi, Z., and Li, Q. 2018. Effect of different water biofloc contents on the growth and immune response of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) cultured in zero water exchange and no feed addition system. Aquaculture Research. 49: 4: 1647-1656.
)