بررسی ویژگی های زیستی و چالش های اکولوژیکی احتمالی ناشی از حضور ماهی سیچلاید گورخری Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867) در آبهای داخلی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

انتشار ماهیان غیر‌بومی در خارج از محدوده طبیعی آنها به یک تهدید و معضل بزرگ برای گونه‌های بومی در محیط‌های آب شیرین تبدیل شده است. سیچلاید گورخری (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) از جمله گونه‌های غیربومی و مهاجم می‌باشد که تاکنون از حوضه‌های هرمز و دریاچه نمک در ایران گزارش شده است. تاکنون، مطالعات و تجربیات متعددی پیرامون تاثیرات منفی ماهی سیچلاید گورخری بر اکوسیستم‌های آب شیرین در کشورهای مختلف ثبت شده است. بنابراین، با توجه به ماهیت تهاجمی این گونه و پراکنش آن در آبهای داخلی ایران، لازم است تا مطالعه جامعی پیرامون ویژگی‌های زیست‌شناختی و چالش‌های اکولوژیکی ناشی از حضور آن در ایران انجام گیرد. بررسی مطالعات انجام شده نشان داد که ماهی سیچلاید گورخری (A. nigrofasciata) به دلیل برخورداری از ویژگی‌های زیست‌شناختی خاص مانند تحملِ دامنهِ وسیعی از شرایط محیطی، فرصت-طلبی، پرخاشگری، توانایی تصرف زیستگاه‌های آشفته و رشد سریع به یک گونه مهاجم در اکوسیستم‌های آبزی تبدیل شده است. این گونه قادر است از طریق شیوه‌های مختلف مانند رقابت، انتشار عوامل بیماری‌زا و هیبریداسیون روی جمعیت‌های ماهیان به-ویژه گونه‌های بومی مانند سیاه ماهیان (Capoeta) تاثیرات منفی داشته باشد. تاثیرات منفی این گونه نیز اغلب به‌واسطه رقابت با سایر گونه‌ها برای تأمین منابع غذایی و آشیان اکولوژیک توجیه می‌شود. اطلاعات ارائه شده در پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند به‌منظور حفاظت از گونه‌های بومی و همچنین اتخاذ تصمیمات و سیاست‌های صحیح مدیریتی در بخش‌های شیلات و محیط زیست مورد استفاده مدیران و کارشناسان وابسته قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the biological characteristics and ecological challenges of convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata Günther, 1867) in inland waters of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Reza Radkhah 1
  • Soheil Eagderi 2
1 1Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran,
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The introduction of exotic fish has become a major threat to native species in freshwater environments. Convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) is one of the exotic and invasive species that reported from Hormoz and Namak Lake basins in Iran. So far, numerous studies and experiences have been documented on the negative effects of convict cichlid fish on freshwater ecosystems in different countries. Therefore, due to the invasive nature of this species and its distribution in inland waters of Iran, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study on biological characteristics and its ecological challenges in Iran. A review of studies showed that due to specific biological characteristics of convict cichlid (A. nigrofasciata) such as tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions, opportunism, aggression, ability to capture disturbed habitats and rapid growth, it has become an invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. It can have negative impacts on fish populations, especially native species, such as Capoeta populations, through competition, spread of pathogens and hybridization. The negative effects of this species are also often justified by competing with other species for food supplies and ecological niches. The information presented in this study can be used by managers and experts to protect native species and to make future management decisions in the fisheries and environmental sectors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amatitlania nigrofasciata
  • Exotic species
  • Invasive
  • Competition
  • Namak Lake basin

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مجله بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 69-80

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