مکانیسم های فیزیولوژی تولید مثلی در ماهیان استخوانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

تولید مثل شامل فرایندهای تنظیم‌شده هورمونی است، مانند رشد و بلوغ اندام‌های جنسی و سلول‌های زایشی، تولید سلول‌های زایشی عملکردی (تخمک‌ها و اسپرم‌ها) که بتوانند در لقاح شرکت کنند برای بقای یک گونه رویداد مهمی هستند. بنابراین، بافت‌های تولیدمثلی بایستی در طی نمو جنینی تولید شوند، و رشد و بلوغ سلول‌های زایشی بایستی پس از بلوغ جنسی موجود عمل کند. ماهیان ممکن است راهبرد‌های تولیدمثلی زیادی را بکارگیری کنند که عبارتند از: زنده‌زایی (لقاح داخلی، جنین درون بدن مادر نمو می‌یابد و توسط مادر مواد مغذی جهت رشد جنین فراهم می‌گردد)، زنده تخم‌گذار (لقاح داخلی، مادر تخم‌های زرده دار می‌گذارد که این تخم‌ها تا زمان تخم-گشایی درون لوله تخم‌بر می‌‌مانند)، و تخم‌گذار (لقاح خارجی، جنین خارج از بدن مادر نمو می‌یابد. در مقاله حاضر انواع مکانیسم های مختلف تولید مثلی ماهیان استخوانی از جمله فعال‌سازی محور مغز-هیپوفیز-اندام جنسی در طی بلوغ، هورمون‌های آزاد‌کننده گنادوتروپین-ها، غده هیپوفیز، گنادوتروپین‌ها، استروئیدهای‌جنسی، فرایند اسپرم‌سازی، فرایند نمو تخمک، رشد اووسیت، فرایند زرده‌سازی و بلوغ اووسیت و تخمک سازی.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Reproductive Physiology Mechanisms in Bony Fish

چکیده [English]

Reproduction includes hormonal regulated processes, such as the growth and maturity of the reproductive organs and reproductive cells, the production of functional reproductive cells (eggs and sperms) that can engage in fertilization to survive an event type Are important. Therefore, reproductive tissues should be produced during embryonic development, and the growth and reproductive maturity of the reproductive cells should be performed after sexual maturity. Fish may use a lot of reproductive strategies that are: livestock (internal fertilization, maternal embryo development, and maternal nutrients for fetal growth), live birth (fertilization) Inner, the mother of yolk eggs suggests that these eggs are egg-laying eggs in the tube), and in the laying (external fertilization, the embryo develops out of the mother's body). In the present paper, various types of reproductive mechanisms of bone marrow production, including the activation of the pituitary-pituitary axis during puberty, gonadotropin releasing hormones, pituitary gland, gonadotropins, Steroidization, spermatogenesis process, oocyte development process, oocyte growth, oocyte yellowing and oocyte maturation process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • puberity
  • reproduction
  • osteichthys
  • ovum
  • sperm
1.Ando, N., Miura, T., Nader, M.R.,Miura, C., and Yamauchi, K. 2000. A method for estimating the number of mitotic divisions in fish testes. Fisheries Science. 66: 299-303.
2.Bagheri, T., Imanpoor, M.R., Jafari,V., and Bennetau-Pelissero, C. 2013. Reproductive impairment and endocrine disruption in goldfish by feedingdiets containing soybean meal. Animal Reproduction Science. 139: 136-144.
3.Berg, H. 2003. Teleost reproduction: Aspects of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) oocyte growth and maturation. Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå. 45p.
4.Bobe, J., and Labbé, C. 2010. Egg and sperm quality in fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 165: 3. 535-548.
5.Borg, B. 1994. Androgens in teleost fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology. 109: 3. 219-245.
6.Chang, Y.S., Wang, S.C., Tsao, C.C., and Huang, F.L. 1996. Molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp ZP3 gene. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 44: 295-304.
7.Chang, Y.S., Hsu, C.C., Wang, S.C., Tsao, C.C., and Huang, F.L. 1997. Molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp ZP2 gene.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46: 258-67.
8.Fluck, C.E., Pandey, A.V., Dick, B., Camats, N., Fernandez-Cancio, M., Clemente, M., Gussinye, M., Carrascosa, A., Mullis, P.E., and Audi, L. 2011. Characterization of Novel StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein) Mutations Causing Non-Classic Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia. PLoS ONE. 6: 5. 1-9.
9.Folmar, L., Gardner, G., Schreibman, M., Ma gliulo-Cepriano, L., Mills, L., Zaroogian, G., Gutjahr-Gobell, R., Haebler, R., Horowitz, D., and Denslow, N. 2001. Vitellogenin induced pathology in male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Aquatic Toxicology. 51: 431-441.
10.Kawauchi, H., Suzuki, K., Itoh, H., Swanson, P., Naito, N., Nagahoma,Y., Nezaki, M., Nabai, Y., and Itoh,S. 1989. The duality of teleosts gonadostropins. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 7: 29-38.
11.Leusch, F.D.L. 2001. Mechanisms of action of phytostrols on goldfish (Carassius auratus) gonadal steroidogenesis. A Master of Science Thesis. The University of New Brunswick.
12.Lopes, Paula. Teresa Pinheiro, Maria Cristin Santos, Maria da Luz Mathias, Maria Joao Collares-Pereira, Ana Maria Viegas-Crespo. 2001. Response of antioxidant enzymes in freshwater fish populations Leuciscus alburnoides complex to inorganic pollutants exposure. The Science of the Total Environment. 280. 153-163.
13.Lubzens, E., Young, G., Bobe, J., and Cerdà, J. 2010. Oogenesis in teleosts: How fish eggs are formed. General Comparative Endocrinology. 165: 367-389.
14.Maugars, G. 2007. Endocrine Regulation of Early Sexual Maturation in Male Atlantic Salmon Parr. Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå. 44p.
15.Mylonas, C.C., Fostier, A., and Zanuy, S. 2010. Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 165: 516-534.
16.Planas, J.V., Athos, J., Goetz, F.W., and Swanson, P. 2000. Regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during sexual maturation in salmonid fish. Biology of Reproduction. 62: 5. 1262-9.
17.Podolsky, R.D. 2002. Fertilization ecology of egg coats: physical versus chemical contributions to fertilization success of free-spawned eggs. J. Exp. Biol. 205: 1657-68.
18.Pratt, W.B., and Toft, D.O. 1997. Steroid receptor interactions with heat shock protein and immunophilin chaperones. Endocrine Reviews. 18: 3. 306-360.
19.Reis-Henriques, M.A., Ferreira, M., Silva, L., and Dias, A. 2000. Evidence for an involvement of vitellogenin in the steroidogenic activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenic oocytes. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 117: 2. 260-267.
20.Schulz, R.W., França, L.R.D., Lareyre, J.J., LeGac, F., Chiarini-Garcia, H., Nobrega, R.H., and Miura, T. 2010. Spermatogenesis in fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 165: 3. 390-411.
21.Schmitz, M., Aroua, S., Vidal, B.,Le Belle, N., Elie, P., and Dufour, S. 2005. Differential regulation of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone expression during ovarian development and under sexual steroid feedback in the European eel. Neuroendocrinology. 81: 2. 107-119.
22.Spanò, L., Tyler, C.R., Aerle, R.V., Devos, P., Mandiki, S.N.M., Silvestre, F., Thomé, J.P., and Kestemont, P. 2004. Effects of atrazine on sex steroid dynamics, plasma vitellogenin concentration and gonad development in adult goldfish, Carassius auratus. Aquatic Toxicology 6: 369-379.
23.Swanson1, P., Dickey, J.T., and Campbell, B. 2003. Biochemistry and physiology of fish gonadotropins. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 28: 53-59.
24.Taranger, G.L., Carrillo, M., Schulz, R.W., Fontaine, P., Zanuy, S., Felip, A., Weltzein, F.N., Dofour, S., Karlsen, O., Norberg, B., Andersson, E., and Hansen, T. 2010. Control of puberty infarmed fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 165: 3. 483-515.
25.Wang, H., and Gong, Z. 1999. Characterization of two zebrafish cDNA clones encoding egg envelope proteins ZP2 and ZP3. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression. 1446: 1-2. 156-60.
26.Zohar, Y., Muoz-Cueto, J.A., Elizur, A., and Kah, O. 2009. Neuroendocrinology of reproduction in teleost fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology.165: 3. 438-455.