The effects of dietary humic acid on growth, immune response and antioxidant defence in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Articles in Press

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Depr Fisheries, IAU Azadshahr Branch

3 Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 Česk

4 گروه تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

5 Associate Profگروه تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

6 گروه علوم و فنون دریا، دانشگاه پلی تکنیک اسکندرون، ترکیه

7 گروه شیلات و علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه چیانگ مای، تایلند

Abstract

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary fulvic acid on systemic immunity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-antioxidant relative gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In order to investigate the effect of dietary fulvic acid (FLA), 600 healthy fish (average body weight 96.01 ± 3.01 mg) were randomly placed in 12 aquariums. During an experimental period of 8 weeks, fish was fed basal diets containing different levels of fulvic acid (0 (ctrl), 0.25 (FLA1), 0.5 (FLA2) and 1 (FLA3) g/kg diet) and they were fed three times a day. At the end of the experimental period, no significant difference was observed among experimental treatments regarding growth performance (P < 0.05). However, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig) and total protein of whole body extract were significantly increased in response to 0.5-1 g kg-1 diet fulvic acid compared to other treatments (P<0.05). However, no difference was observed among the experimental groups in terms of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. The interferon-α (INF-α) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes expression increased in the treatments using fulvic acid, and the highest level was observed in 0.5 g/kg fulvic acid received treatment (P < 0.05). Also, the expression of interleukin 1 (IL-1) gene in this group was significantly increased compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). The expression of GPx gene was significantly increased in the group received fulvic acid without any significant difference among the treatments (P>0.05). CAT gene expression did not show any difference among experimental groups (P>0.05). Although SOD gene expression showed a significant increase in response to dietary fulvic acid, which the highest level was observed in the 0.5 g/kg received group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, according to the positive results obtained, fulvic acid can be potentially used as a feed additive in Zebrafish to boost growth performance and immnene performance and regulate anti-oxidant, and immune gene expression.

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Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 29 September 2024

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