The use of Artemia Nauplii enriched with espresso and docosahexaenoic acid in the post-larval stage of the Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Professor, Dept. of Biology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Artemia and Aquaculture Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

5 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Biology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Artemia and Aquaculture Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

This research aimed to enrich Artemia nauplii with Easy DHA and Espresso to improve the growth and survival of vannamei shrimp post larvae and transfer them to brackish water (Caspian Sea). 2100 vannamei shrimp post-larval with an approximate average weight of 49.54 ± 2.60 mg and an average length of 1.09 ± 0.07 cm (PL8) were selected. For each replication, 50 vannamei shrimp post-larval were randomly placed in forty-two 20-liter glass tanks (containing 15 liters of water) and were distributed indoors. Post-larvae were fed, including freshly hatched Artemia, Artemia enriched with Easy DHA and espresso, and commercial diet for ten days (in salt water and desalination water). The highest growth rate (weight and length) in the saltwater group was observed in treatment seven (P < 0.05). Also, the highest survival rate in this group was observed in group three, with 71% (P < 0.05). Among the treatments of the brackish water group, the highest growth rate (weight and length) was observed in group fourteen (P < 0.05). The highest survival rate was observed in treatments of nine, ten, and thirteen (P < 0.05). Post larvae of the sea and brackish water showed the highest amount of fatty acid C20-5n3 in treatment three and fatty acid C22-6n3 in treatment two (P < 0.05). Based on the present study's findings, enrichment of Artemia with Easy DHA and Espresso and feeding post larvae with it for nine days can increase survival and resistance to stress (transition to lower salinities) in vannamei shrimp post larvae.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.FAO. (2006). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Rome, Italy.
2.Mirzaei, N., Mousavi, S. M., Yavari, V., Souri, M., Pasha-Zanoosi, H., & Rezaie, A. (2021). Quality assessment of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae produced in some commercial shrimp hatcheries of Choubdeh Abadan, Iran. Aquaculture, 530, 735708.
3.Racotta, I. S., Palacios, E., Hernández-Herrera, R., Bonilla, A., Perez-Rostro, C. I., & Ramirez, J. L. (2004). Criteria for assessing larval and postlarval quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931). Aquaculture, 233 (1-4), 181-195.
4.Dhert, P., Rombaut, G., Suantika, G., & Sorgeloos, P. (2001). Advancement of rotifer culture and manipulation techniques in Europe. Aquaculture, 200 (1-2), 129-146.
5.Kanazawa, A. (2003). Nutrition of marine fish larvae. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 13 (1-2), 103-143.
6.Hamre, K., Yufera, M., Ronnestad, I., Boglione, C., Conceiçao, L. E. C., & Izquierdo, M. S. (2013). Fish larval nutrition and feed for-mulation: knowledge gaps and bottlenecks for advances in larval rearing. Review in Aquaculture, 5, 26-58.
7.Eryalcin, K. M. (2018). Effects of different commercial and enrichments on biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of rotifer (Brachionus Plicatilis, Müller 1786) and Artemia Fran-ciscana. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18, 81-90.
8.Radhakrishnan, D. K., Akbar Ali, I., Schmidt, B. V., John, E. M., Sivanpillai, S., & Vasunambesan, S. T. (2020). Improvement of nutritional quality of live feed for aquaculture: an overview. Aquaculture Research, 51, 1-17.
9.Cobo, M. L., Wouters, R., Wille, M., Sonnenholzner, S., & Sorgeloos, P. (2015). Evaluation of frozen umbrella-stage Artemia as first animal live food for Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) larvae. Aquaculture Research, 46 (9), 2166-2173.
10.Gamboa-Delgado, J., & Le Vay, L. (2009). Artemia replacement in co-feeding regimes for mysis and postlarval stages of Litopenaeus vannamei: Nutritional contribution of inert diets to tissue growth as indicated by natural carbon stable isotopes. Aquaculture, 297 (1-4), 128-135.
11.Rajkumar, M., & Kumaraguru Vasagam, K. P. (2006). Suitability of the copepod, Acartia clausi as a live feed for Seabass larvae (Lates calcarifer Bloch): Compared to traditional live-food organisms with special emphasis on the nutritional value. Aquaculture, 261 (2), 649-658.
12.Navarro, J. C., Amat, F., & Sargent, J. R. (1992). Fatty acid composition of coastal and inland Artemia sp. populations from Spain. Aquaculture, 102 (3), 219-230.
13.Navarro, J. C., Henderson, R. J., McEvoy, L. A., Bell, M. V., & Amat, F. (1999). Lipid conversions during enrichment of Artemia. Aquaculture, 174 (1-2), 155-166.
14.Dhont, J., Dierckens, K., Sǿttrup, J., Van Stappen, G., Wille, M., & Sorgeloos, P. (2013). Rotifers, Artemia and copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture. In Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology, 157-202.
15.Zakeri, M., Kochanian, P., Marammazi, J. G., Yavari, V., Savari, A., & Haghi, M. (2011). Effects of dietary n-3 HUFA concentrations on spawning performance and fatty acids composition of broodstock, eggs and larvae in yellowfin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus. Aquaculture, 310 (3-4), 388-394.
16.Karthik, R., Pushpam, A. C., Ramalingam, K., Yuvaraj, D., & Vanitha, M. C. (2015). Attenuation of negative impacts by micro algae and enriched Artemia salina on Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei larval culture. Aquaculture, 10(5): 347-356.
17.Immanuel, G., Citarasu, T., Sivaram, V., Babu, M. M., & Palavesam, A. (2007). Delivery of HUFA, probionts and biomedicine through bioencapsulated Artemia as a means to enhance the growth and survival and reduce the pathogenesity in shrimp Penaeus monodon post-larvae. Aquaculture International, 15 (2), 137-152.
18.Rees, J. F., Curé, K., Piyatiratitivorakul, S., Sorgeloos, P., & Menasveta, P. (1994). Highly unsaturated fatty acid requirements of Penaeus monodon post-larvae: an experimental approach based on Artemia enrichment. Aquaculture, 122 (2-3), 193-207.
19.Saoud, I. P., Davis, D. A., & Rouse, D. B. (2003). Suitability studies of inland well waters for Litopenaeus vannamei culture. Aquaculture, 217, 373-383.
20.Boyd, C. E. (1989). Water quality management and aeration in shrimp farming. 2nd ed. Alabama Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Departmental. Agricultural Experiment Station. Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
21.Atwood, H. L., Young, S. P., Tomasso, J. R., & Browdy, C. L. (2003). Survival and growth of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae in low-salinity and mixed-salt environments. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 34, 518-523.
22.Moya, M., Lawrence, A. L., Collins, C. A., & Samocha, T. M. (1999). Acclimation of Penaus vannamei post-larvae to 2 ppt ground saline water in Sonora Desert, Arizona. p.424 (abstr.). In: World Aquaculture. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA.
23.Jayasankar, V., Jasmani, S., Nomura, T., Nohara, S., Huong, D. T. T., & Wilder, M. N. (2009). Low salinity rearing of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Acclimation, survival and growth of post-larvae and juveniles. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 43, 345-350.
24.Sorgeloos, P. (1980). The use of the brine shrimp Artemia in Aquauculture. In: Persoone, G., Sorgeloos, P., Roels, O., Sorgeloos, P., Lavens, P., Leger, P., Tackaert, W., Versichele, D. (1986) Manual for the culture and use of brine shrimp.
25.Guinot, D., Monroig, O., Hontoria, F., Amat, F., Varó, I., & Navarro, J. C. (2013a). Enriched on-grown Artemia metanauplii actively metabolise highly unsaturated fatty acid-rich phospholipids. Aquaculture, 412 (413), 173-178.
26.Miquel, M., & Browse, J. (1992). Arabidopsis mutants deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis؛ Biochemical and genetic characterization of a plant oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 267, 1502-1509.
27.Ahmadi, A., Torfi, M. M., Agh, N., & Nafisi Bahabadi, M. (2019). Effects of enriched Artemia with n-3 long-chain polyunsatu-rated fatty acids on growth performance, stress resistance and fatty acid profile of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18, 562-774.
 
28.Soler, M. M., de Vicose, G. C., Filgueira, J. R., Sánchez, J. Z., Oñate, E. Y., Chimborazo, M. M., Díaz, W. I., Abad, E. R., & Afonso López, J. M. (2023). Effect of HUFA in Enriched Artemia on Growth Performance, Biochemical and Fatty Acid Content, and Hepatopancreatic Features of Penaeus vannamei Postlarvae from a Commercial Shrimp Hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador. Aquaculture Nutrition Article, ID 7343070, 10.
29.Putra, D. F., Trisyahdar, T. N., Dewiyanti, I., & Muham-madar, A. A. (2018). Effect of enhanced Artemia with gamat emulsion on growth performance and survival rate of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. IOP Conf. Ser: Earth Environ. Sci. 216, 012005.
30.Sargent, J., Bell, G., McEvoy, L., Tocher, D., & Estevez, A. (1999). Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture, 177, 191-199.
31.Garcia, A. S., Parrish, C. C., & Brown, J. A. (2008b). Use of enriched rotifers and Artemia during larviculture of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758): effects on early growth, survival and lipid composition. Aquaculture Research, 39, 406-419.
32.Choi, J., Han, G. S., Lee, K. W., Byun, S. G., Lim, H. J., Lee, C. H., Lee, D. Y., & Kim, H. S. (2021). Effects of feeding differentially enriched Artemia nauplii on the survival, growth, fatty acid composition, and air exposure stress response of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) larvae. Aquaculture Reports, 21, 100829.
33.Nafisi Bahabadi, M., Mozanzadeh, M. T., Agh, N., Ahmadi, A., & Yaghoubi, M. (2018). Enriched Artemia with L-lysine and DL-methionine on growth performance, stress resistance, and fatty acid profile of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 30(4), 325-336.
Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics
Volume 12, Issue 4
January 2024
Pages 91-106

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics