The Possibility of using locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) as a protein source in the diet of rainbow trout fingerling (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance and blood biochemical parameters

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Graduate, Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.

4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan,

Abstract

In this study, the possibility of using locusts as a source of protein in the diet of rainbow trout and its effect on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters were investigated. 300 fish with average weight (5.08 ± 0.33g) with diets of 0% (control), 15% (SG15), 30% (SG30) and 60% (SG60) locust meal were formulated, with equal protein energy contents. Diet was distributed in a completely randomized design in three replications for eight weeks and twenty-five pieces of fish with the same conditions, in each tank. At the end of the experiment, growth, biochemical and safety indices were calculated based on standard formulas and the analysis was performed using Tukey test. The results showed that the highest final weight was observed in 30% treatment )89.34 ± 20.61%) and the difference between 0, 15 and 60% treatments was significant (p <0.05). In 60% treatment, a significant increase in feed conversion ratio was observed compared to the control treatment (p <0.05). In feeding fish with locust meal diet, glucose, cortisol, albumin, globin and IgM levels did not show significant differences between different experimental treatments (p <0.05). However, the amount of total protein, triglyceride and blood cholesterol showed a significant difference in experimental treatments compared to the control treatment (p <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of 30% locust meal in the commercial diet of rainbow trout fingerling, in addition to adversely affecting blood and safety parameters, can improve growth performance.

Keywords

References

Alegbeleye, W.O., Obasa, S.O., Olude, O., Otubu, K., and Jimoh, W. 2012. Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) forAfrican catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell. 1822) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 43: 412-420.
Arbab, A. 2018. The Role of Insects in Aquatic Diet: Case Study of Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). J. Ornam. Aquacult. 5: 41-52.
Balogun, B.I. 2011. Growth performance and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus (Teugels) fed different dietary levels of soaked Bauhinia monandra (Linn.) seed meal and sun-dried locust meal (Schistocerca gregaria). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9462-3.
Balian, E., Segers, H., Leveque, C., and Martens, K. 2008. The freshwater animal diversity assessment: an overview of the results. In: Balian, E. et al. (eds), Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiologia. 595: 627-637.
Brusle, J., and Anadon, G.G. 1996.The structure and function of fish liver. In: Fish Morphology. pp. 77-93.
Collavo, A., Glew, R.H., Huang, Y.S., Chuang, L.T., Bosse, R., and Paoletti, M.G. 2005. Housecricket small-scale farming. In: Ecological Implications of Minilivestock: Potential of Insects, Rodents, Frogs and Snails. Ed.Paoletti, M.G. New Hampshire Science Publishers. 12: 519-544.
FAO, 2019. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributingto Food Security and Nutrition for
All. FAO, Rome, 200P. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.12.009.
Finke, M.D. 2002. Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores. Zoo Biology, 21: 269-285. DOI: 10.1002/zoo.10031.
Harinder, P.S., Makkar Gilles, T., Valerie, H., and Philippe, A. 2014. State of the art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal feed science and technology, 197: 1-33.
Harsij, H., Adineh, H., Maleknejad, R., Jafaryan, H., and Asadi, M. 2019. The use of live mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effect on growth performance and survival, nutritional efficiency, carcass compositions and intestinal digestive enzymes. J. Fish. Sci. Technol. 8: 3. 137-143.
Henry, M.A., Gasco, L., Chatzifotis, S., and Piccolo, G. 2018. Does dietary insect meal affect the fish immune system?
The case of mealworm, Tenebrio molitor on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 81: 204-209.
Hilaire, S., Sheppard, C., Newton, L., Mosley, E., and Sealey, W. 2007.Fly prpupe as a feedstuff rainbowtrout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 38: 59-67.
Li, S., Ji, H., Zhang, B., Zhou, J., and Yu, H. 2017. Defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in diets for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian): Growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, digestive enzyme activities, intestine and hepatopancreas histological structure. Aquaculture, 477: 62-70.
Lock, E.R., Arsiwalla, T., and Waagbo, A. 2015. Insect larvae meal as an atlternative source of nutrients in the diet atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolt. Aquaculture Nutrition,130: 122-134.
Liu, B., Ge, X.P., Xie, J., Xu, P., Cui, Y.T., Ming, J.H., Zhou, Q.L., and Pan, L.K. 2012. Effects of anthraquinonoid
extract from Rheum officinal Bailon the physiological responses and HSP70 gene expression of Megalobrama amblycephala under Aeromonas hydrophila infection.J. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 32: 1-7.
Makkar, H.P.S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., and Ankers, P. 2014. State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197: 1-33.
Magalhães, R., Lopes, T., Martins, N., DíazRosales, P., Couto, A., Pousão-Ferreira, P., Oliva-Teles, A., and Peres, H. 2016. Carbohydrases supplementation increased nutrient utilization in white seabream (Diplodus sargus) juveniles fed high soybean meal diets. Aquaculture, 463: 43-50.
Mohieldein, A., Hyder, M.A., andHasan, M. 2013. Comparative levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT in liver associated diseases. Europ. J. Exp. Biol. 3: 280-284.
Nogales, S., Jover cerda, M., liorens, S., and Vidal, A. 2011. Study of partical replacement of fish meal with sunflower meal on growth, amino acid retention, and body composition of sharp snout sea bream. Diplodus puntazzo. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 41: 47-54.
Oonincx, D., van Itterbeeck, J., Heetkamp, M., van den Brand, H., van Loon, J.J.A., and van Huis, A. 2010. An exploration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insect species suitable for animal or human consumption. Plos One, 5: e1445.
Riddick, E.W. 2014. Insect protein as partial replacement for fishmeal in the diets of juvenile fish and crustaceans. Invertebrates and Entomopathogens. Academic Press, San Diego, USA,pp. 565-582.
Sivil, S., Nardi, M., Sulpizio, R., Orpainesi, C., Caggiano, M., Carnevali, O., and Cresci, A. 2008. Effect of the addition of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. being of European sea bass (Dicentra chus labrax, L.). Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 20: 53-59.
Taufek, N.M., Aspani, F., Muin, H., Raji, A., Razak, Sh., and Alias, Z. 2016. The effect of dietary cricket meal (Gryllus bimaculatus) on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and haematological response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 18: 51-94.
Thoman, E.S., Davids, A., and Arnold, C.R. 2005. Evaluation of growth out diets with varying protein and energy levels for red drum. Aquaculture. 176: 343-353.
Torestensen, B.E., Esp, M., Sanden, M., Stubhaug, I., Waagba, R., Hemre, G.I. and Berntssen, M.H.G. 2008. Novel production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) protein based on combined replacement of fish meal and fish oil with plant meal and vegetable oil blends. Aquaculture, 285: 193-200.
Tschirner, M., and Simon, A. 2015. Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. J. Ins. Food.1: 3. 1-12.
Valipour, M., Oujifard, A., Hosseini, A., Sotoudeh, E., and Bagheri, D. 2018. Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal by Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae meal on growth performance, hematological indices and some of non-specific immune responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iran. Sci. Jo. 28: 4. 13-25.
Van Huis, A., Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., and Vantomme, P. 2013. Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security, 171. 187p.
Wilfred, O.A., Obasa, S., Otuba, K., and Jimoh. 2012. Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell. 1822) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 43: 412-420.
Wiegertjes, G.F., Stet, R.M., Parmentier, H.K., and van Muiswinkel, W.B. 1996. Immunogenetics of disease resistance
in fish: a comparative approach. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 20: 6. 365-381.
Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics
Volume 11, Issue 1
June 2022
Pages 57-68

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics