Barbieri, E. 2010. Acute toxicity of ammonia in white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti) (Burkenroad, 1936, Crustacea) at different salinity levels. Aquaculture. 306: 329-333.
Boyd, C.E., and Tucker, C.S. 1998. Pond aquaculture water quality management. Kluwer, Boston, 686p.
Chen, J.C., and Lin, J.C. 1992.
Lethal effects of ammonia on
Penaeus chinensis Osbeck juveniles at different salinity levels. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 156: 138-148.Chen, J.C., Liu, P.C., and Lei,
S.C. 1990. Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to
Penaeus monodon adolescents. Aquaculture, 89: 127-137.
Colt, J.E., and Armstrong, D.A. 1981. Nitrogen toxicity to crustaceans, fish and mollusks. In proceeding of the bioengineering symposium for fish culture. Pp: 34-37.
Di Giulio, R.T., and Hinton, D.E. 2008. The Toxicology of Fishes. Taylor and Francis. Pp: 319-884.
Farfante, I.P., and Kensley, B. 1997. Penaeid and Sergestoid Shrimps and Prawns of the World, Keys and Diagnoses. Memoires du Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 233p.
Finney, D. 1990. Probit Analysis Cambridge University. Press, Pp: 1-22.
Frias-Espericueta, M.G., Harfush- Melendez, M., and Paez-Osuna, F.
2000. Effects of Ammonia on Mortality and Feeding of Postlarvae Shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei. Bullerin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 65: 98-103.
Gaxiola, G., Cuzon, G., Garcia, T., Taboada, G., Brito, R., Chimal, M.E., Paredes, A., Soto, L., Rosas, C., and
van Wormhoudt, A. 2005. Factorial effects of salinity, dietary carbohydrate and moult cycle on digestive carbohydrases and hexokinases in
Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyPart A. 140(1): 29-39.
Javadi, M. 1999. Bactericidal concenteration (LC50) and damages due to pesticide Endosulfan in beluga
(
Huso Huso). Masters thesis fishery. Department of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences. Tarbiat Modarres University. 67p.
Jiang, D.H., Lawrence, A.L., Neill, W.H., and Gong, H. 2000. Effects of temperature and salinity on nitrogenous excretion by
Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 253(2): 193-209.
Kir, M., and Kumlu, M. 2006. Acute toxicity of ammonia to
Penaeus semisulcatus postlarvae in relation to salinity. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,37: 231-235.
Lin, Y.C., and Chen, J.C. 2001. Acute toxicity of ammonia on
Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone juveniles at
different salinity levels. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 259: 109–119.
Lin, Y.C., Chen, J.C., Li, C.C., Morni, W.Z., Suhaili, A.S., Kuo, Y.H., Chang, Y.H., Chen, L.L., Tsui, W.C., Chen, Y.Y., and Huang, C.L. 2012. Modulation of the innate immune system in white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei following long-term low salinity exposure. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 33(2): 324-31.
Shakoori, M. 1997. Technology reproduction and intensive culture shrimp. Deptment of Aquaculture. 168p. (Translated in Persian)
Rosas, C., Cuzon, G., Gaxiola, G., Priol, Y.L., Pascual, C., Rossignyol, J., Contreras, F., Sanchez, A., and Wormhoudt, A.V. 2001. "Metabolism and growth of juveniles of
Litopenaeus vannamei: effect of salinity and dietary carbohydrate levels".
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 259: 1–22.
Schuler, D.J., Boardman, G.D., Kuhn, D.D., Flik, G.J. 2010. Acute Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to White Shrimp (
L. vannamei) at Low Salinities. World Aquaculture Society. 41(3): 438-446.
Soltani, M., Khoshbavar Rostami, H.A. 2002. Study the effects of diazinon on some hematological and biochemical indices of Acipenser guldenstadti. Jornal of Marine Sciences. 4: 64-75.
Ujang Komarudin, A.K. 2004. Acute toxicity of nitrate to
Penaeus monodon (Fab.) and
Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) at low salinity levels. Kasetsart university. 100p.
Van wyk, P., Hodgikins, M.D., Laramore, R.L., Main, K., Mountain, J., and Scarpa, J. 1999. Farming marine shrimp in recalculating freshwater system. Harbor branch oceanographic institution, Florida department of agriculture and consumer services.Pp: 141-161.
Velasco, M., Lawrence, A.L., Castille, F.L., and Obaldo, L.G. 2000. Dietary protein requirement for
Litopenaeus vannamei.
www.uanl.mx/ Publicaciones / maricultura. Pp: 181-192.
Wright, P.A., and Wood, C.M. 1985. An analysis of branchial ammonia excretion in the freshwater rainbow trout: effects of environmental pH change and sodium uptake blockage. Jornal of Experimental Biology. 11(4): 329-353.