Pathological changes in the gill tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chemical, green nanoparticles, and heavy metal zinc

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Abstract

Due to the increasing progress of nanotechnology in all fields and the global increase in the use of nanoparticles over the past decades, their entry into the environment has increased. In this regard, entering these materials into the environment will potentially affect living organisms, including fish. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the tissue pathology caused by green nanoparticles, chemicals, and the heavy metal zinc on the gill tissue of common carp. A total of 420 common carp fry with an average weight of 3/4±30 g were treated for 21 days with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 mg/L of chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles, green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles, and heavy metal zinc, divided into 7 experimental groups including the control treatment with three replications.Histological changes of hyperplasia and hypertrophy, lamellar adhesion, shortening of secondary lamellae, necrosis, aneurysm, curvature of secondary lamellae, and curvature of secondary blades were observed in common carp.This study showed that chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and heavy metal zinc at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 mg/L can affect the gill tissue of common carp. However, this damage was less when exposed to green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 mg/L. This indicates the necessity of synthesizing nanoparticles through green synthesis.

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Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics
Volume 14, Issue 4
February 2026
Pages 73-82

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