The effect of Levabon®diet supplement on growth efficiency and growth, immune and antioxidant related genes expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Levabon® (autolyzed yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth efficiency, the expression of growth (IGF-I), immune (TNF-1α, LYZ) and antioxidant (CAT, SOD) related genes in the intestinal and liver tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish (n=240; 14.53 ± 0.67 g) were fed with 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% of Levabon® in 12 tanks (250 L) with three replicates (each with 20 fish) for 8 weeks. At end of experiment, fish were weighted and liver and intestinal tissue were collected. RNA was extracted from tissue samples and cDNA was synthesized and the expression of related genes was measured by real time PCR with specific primers. The results of measured experimental indices revealed that there is no significant difference in the growth performance and intestinal lysozyme (LYZ) gene expression among experimental treatments. The expression of TNF-1α, IGF-I, SOD and CAT genes in the intestinal and liver tissues showed a significant difference between the experimental treatments and the control, and the highest gene expression was observed in the 0.6% experimental treatment (P<0.05). Overall, these results suggested that inclusion of Levabon in common carp diet had no significant effect on growth performance but can beneficially effect on immune and antioxidant system.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., Bush, S. R., Cao, L., & Daneh, H. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature. 591, 551-563.2.Sattari, M., Shahsoni, D., & Shafi'i, Sh. (2012). Fishology (2) (systematic). Haqhshenas Publications. 502 p.3.Metz, J. R., Van den Burg, E. H., Wendelaar Bonga, S. E., & Flik, G. (2003). Regulation of branchial Na+/K+- ATPase in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) acclimated to different temperatures. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 206, 2273-2280.4.Rahman, M. M. (2015). Role of common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquaculture production systems. Frontiers in Life Science. 1-12.5.Hoseinifar, S. H., Ringø, E., Shenavar Masouleh, A., & Esteban, M. Á. (2014). Probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplements in sturgeon aquaculture: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture 6, 1-14.6.Tangestani, R., Doughikollaee, E., Ebrahimi, E., & Zare, P. (2011). Effects of garlic essential oil as an immunostimulant on hematological indices of juvenile beluga (Huso huso). Journal of Veterinary Research. 66, 209-216, 279.7.Cabello, F. C. (2006). Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental Microbiology. 8, 1137-1144.8.Pohlenz, C., & Gatlin III, D. M. (2014). Interrelationships between fish nutrition and health. Aquaculture. 431, 111-117.9.Braz-Mota, S., Campos, D. F., Mac Cormack, T. J., Duarte, R. M., Val, A. L., Almeida-Val, V. M. F. (2018). Mechanisms of toxic action of copper and copper nanoparticles in two Amazon fish species: Dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma agassizii) and cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi). Science of the Total Environment. 630, 1168-1180.10.Burgos-Aceves, M. A., Cohen, A., Smith, Y., & Faggio, C. (2018). MicroRNAs and their role on fish oxidative stress during xenobiotic environmental exposures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 148, 995-1000.11.Bahorun, T., Soobrattee, M. A., Luximon-Ramma, V., & Aruoma, O. I. (2006). Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Internet Journal of Medical Update.1 (2), 25-41.12.Aksnes, A., Izquierdo, M. S., Robaina, L., Vergara, J. M., & Montero, D. (1997). Influence of fish meal quality and feed pellet on growth, feed efficiency and muscle composition in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 153, 251-261.13.Zoreyeh Zahra, S. J., Sharif Rouhani, M., Mehrabi, M. R., & Sepahdari, A. (2013). The Role of Health Care and Aquatic Diseases Research in Increasing the Productivity of Cold Fish in the Country. Second National Conference on the Development and Production of Cold Fish. 614-618.14.Burr, G., Gatlin, D., & Ricke, S. (2007). Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of fish and the potential application of prebiotics and probiotics in finfish aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 36 (4), 425-36.15.Jalali Jafari, B., & Miyar, M. (2000). Fish diseases of Salmon and Trout. Noorbakhsh Publications. First Edition. 254p. [Translated in Persian]16.Heymann, F., & Tacke, F. (2016). Immunology in the liver-from homeostasis to disease. Nat. Rev. Gastro. Hepat. 13, 88-110. doi: 10.1038/ nrgastro.2015.200.17.Reyes-Becerril, M., Salinas, I., Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., Tovar-Ramirez, D., Ascencio-Valle, F., & Esteban, M. Á. (2008). Oral delivery of live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii modulates the main innate immune parameters and the expression of immune-relevant genes in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & shellfish immunology. 25, 731-739.18.Perez-Sanchez, T., Balcazar, J. L., Merrifield, D. L., Carnevali, Q., Gioacchini, G., Blas, I. D., & Ruiz-Zarzuela, I. (2011). Expression of immune-related genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) induced by probiotic bacteria during (Lactococcus  garvieae) infection. Fish and Shellfish, 31, 291-236.19.Hosseini, M., Kolangi Miandare, H., Hoseinifar, S. H., & Yarahmadi, P., (2016). Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus modulated skin mucus protein profile, immune and appetite genes expression in gold fish (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 59, 149-154.20.Hoseinifar, S. H., Hosseini, M., Paknejad, H., Safari, R., & Jafar, A. (2018). Effect of dietary supplement raffinose, Lactobacillus acidophilus and the combination of two supplements on the expression of lysozyme and TNF-a genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics. 7 (1), 35-41.21.Passos, R. M. H. (2017). Effect of Levabon® Aquagrow E on the growth performance and immune response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) under stress conditions. M.Sc. Thesis, Instituto Politecnico De Leiria, 45 p.
22.Abu-Elala, N., Marzouk, M., & Moustafa, M. (2013). Use of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae biotic forms as immune-modulator and growth promoter for Oreochromis niloticus challenged with some fish pathogens. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine.1, 21-29.23.Daneshyar, F., Hosseini, S. M., & Yaqubfar, A. (2019). The effect of non-starch polysaccharides of food sources on performance, relative efficiency of energy and protein with carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Production of Tehran University. 21 (2), 233-246.24.Pouramini, M., Kamali, A., Haji Moradlou, A. M., Ghorbani, R., & Alizadeh, M. (2009). Investigation of feeding with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as a probiotic, on the resistance to salinity stress and histology of the digestive tract of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of New Technologies in Aquaculture Development. 2 (1), 33-40.
25.Chitsaz, H., Akrami, R., & Arab Arkadeh, M. (2016). Effect of dietary synbiotics on growth, immune response and body composition of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus). Iranian Journal Fisheries Sciences, 15, 170-182.26.Pouomong, V., & Mbonglang, J. (1993). Effect of feeding rate on the growth of tilapia (O. niloticus) in earthen ponds. Bamidegh. 45, 147-53.27.Romanov, D., Divashuk, M., Havey,M. J., & Khrustaleva, L. (2015). Tyramide-FISH mapping of single genes for development of an integrated recombination and cytogenetic map of chromosome 5 of Allium cepa L. Genome. doi: 10.1139/gen-2015-0019.28.Safari, R., Hoseinifar, S. H., Nezhadmoghadam, S. H., & Jafar Node, A. (2016). Transciptomic study of mucosal immune, antioxidant and growth related genes and non-specific immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed dietary Ferula (Ferula assafoetida). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31, 1-16.  29.Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the  −ΔΔCT method. Methods. 25, 402-408.30.Rui, G., & Santos, G. (2015).Good  Gut Health is Essential to Growth Enhancement. Aquaculture Scoop, 50-54. 31.Jafarian, H. A., Sahandi, J., & Jafarian, S. (2013). Studying the efficiency of diet supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract in increasing the growth, survival and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics. 2 (4), 129-141.32.Iri, M., Bivareh, M. R., Ranjdoost, M., Jafarian, H. A., & Jafarian, S. (2018). Investigating the effects of different levels of prebiotic Imax Ultra (saturated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the parameters of growth, survival, feeding efficiency and resistance to environmental stresses in common carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. 1758). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics. 7 (1), 11-25.33.Ramos, M. A., Weber, B., Gonçalves,J. F., Santos, G. A., Rema, P., & Ozorio, R. O. A. (2013). Dietary probiotic supplementation modulated gut microbiota and improved growth of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative biochemistry and physiology.34.Hoseinifar, S. H., Ahmadi, A. R., Khalili, M., Raeisi, M., Doan, H. V., & Caipang, C. M. (2017). The study of antioxidant enzymes and immune-related genes expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings fed different prebiotics. Aquaculture Research. 48, 5447-5454.35.Niki Maleki, Z., Shabani, A., &
Safari, R. (2019). The effects of separate and combined use of probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) and prebiotic (A-MAX) in diet on the expression of growth-related genes (GH and IGF1) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. Journal of Animal Environment.11, 237-242.36.Beckman, B. R., Fairgrieve, W., Cooper, K. A., Mahnken, C. V. W., & Beamish, R. J. (2004a). Evaluation of endocrine indices of growth in individual postsmolt coho salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 133, 1057-1067.37.Hew, C. L., Fletcher, G. L., & Davies, P. L. (1995). Transgenic salmon: tailoring the genome for food production. Journal of tailoring the genome for food production. Journal of Fish Biology 47(sA), 1-19.38.Bu, X., Du, X., Zhou, W., Zhao, X., & Wang, J. (2008). Molecular cloning, recombinant expression and characterization of lysozyme from Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) Chinese Journal of Biotechnology. 24 (5), 723-732.
Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics
Volume 13, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 127-139

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics