An analysis of employment and fisheries businesses opportunities in the Iran and world

Document Type : scientific research article

Author

Associate Prof., Dept. of Fish Processing, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Abstract

Estimating fishery employment is difficult due to the extension, complexity of various activities throughout the value chain of fishery products. Throughout this chain, around 140 million jobs are estimated in the world. In addition to many illegal, unreported and unregulated workers, 59.6 million people work directly, with 880 million people living in the world dependent on this section. Iranian fisheries have the highest capacity and employment growth among the agricultural sector, with a total employment of 229,000 people in the primary production. The survey of employment status, its risks and calculation of employment growth, production and per capita over the 16-year period ended in 1395 showed that these indeces in Iran are higher than global indeces. Employment in total is 2.8% and in aquaculture, a growth of 8.1%, respectively. In 1395, Iran and the world's production per capita were 4.9 and 2.8 respectively, and for each 900 million rials a direct job was created. At the present, attention to fisheries opportunities, sustainability and job safety is one of the most important issues in Iran.

Keywords


1.Adeli, A. 2013. Evaluation and interpretation of policies of five-year developmental plans and Iran fisheries outlook. Fisheries science and technology. 2: 3. 57-74.
2.Adeli, A., and Abaspour Naderi, R. 2017. A collection of fisheries rules and regulation of Iran. Gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources. 288p.
3.Adeli, A. 2008. Entrepreneurship in fisheries. Magazine of work and society, Monthly economic, cultural and social, No: 98-99: 62-68.
4.Agnew, D.J., Pearce, J., Pramod, G., Peatman, T., Watson, R., Beddington, J.R., and Pitcher, T.J. 2009. Estimating the worldwide extent of illegal fishing. PLoS ONE, 4(2):e4570. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0004570.
5.Allan Bremner, H. 2002. Safety and quality issues in fish processing. Technology and nutrition. Woodhead publishing. 520p.
6.Allison, E.H. 2011. Aquaculture, fisheries, poverty and food security. Working Paper 2011-65. Penang, Malaysia, WorldFish Center.
7.De Silva, D.A.M., and Yamao, M.2006. The involvement of femalelabour in seafoodprocessing in Sri Lanka: the impact of organizational fairnessand supervisor evaluation onemployee commitment. In: P.S. Choo, S.J. Hall and M.J. Williams, eds. Global symposiumon gender and fisheries, Seventh Asian Fisheries Forum, 2004, ed. 103-14. Penang, Malaysia, WorldFish Center.
8.Dey de Pryck, J. 2013. Good practice policies to eliminate gender inequalities in fish value chains. Gender, Equity and Rural Employment Division. Rome, FAO. 97p. (available at http://www.fao.org/ docrep/019/i3553e/i3553e.pdf).
9.FAO. 2012a. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012. Rome. 209p. (availableat http://www.fao.org/docrep/ 016/i2727e/i2727e.pdf).
10.FAO/ILO. 2013. Guidance on addressing child labour in fisheriesand aquaculture. Turin (available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3318e.pdf).
11.FAO. 2014a. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014. Rome. 223p. (available at http://www.fao.org/ 3/a-i3720e.pdf).
12.FAO. 2014b. Working for Blue Growth: Why decent employment in fisheries andaquaculture matters. Guidance note. Unpublished Internal Paper.
13.FAO. 2016a. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to foodsecurity and nutrition for all. Rome 200p. (available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf).
14.FAO. 2016b. Scoping study ondecent work and employment in fisheries and aquaculture: Issues and actions for discussion and programming. Knowledge materials. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 95p. (available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5980e.pdf).
15.FAO. 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 210p.
16.Ghasemi, A. 2000. The principles of fisheries management, A new approach to exploiting aquatic resources. Naghshe Mehr Publishing. 127p.
17.Globfish. 2018. Globfish highlights, A quarterly update on world seafood markets, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 4th issue, (available athttp:// www.fao.org/3/ca2830en/CA2830EN. pdf).
18.HLPE. 2014. Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition. A reportby the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome 2014 (available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3844e.pdf).
19.IFO. 2001. Iran fisheries statistic annual 1991-2000. Iran fisheries organization, deputy of planning and development manager, office of Budget and planning. 44p.
20.IFO. 2012. Iran fisheries statistic annual 2001-2011.Iran fisheries organization, deputy of planning and development manager, office of Budget and planning. 60p.
21.IFO. 2017. Iran fisheries statistic annual 2012-2017. Iran fisheries organization, deputy of planning and development manager, office of Budget and planning. 64p.
22.ITF (International Transport Workers’ Federation). 2006. Out of Sight, Out of Mind. Seafarers, Fishers and Human Rights. London.
23.Jeebhay, M.F., Robins, T.G., and Lopata, A.L. 2004. World at work: fish processing workers. Occupational and environmental medicine, 61: 5. 471-474.
24.Kurien, J. 2010. Negotiating fisheries co-management in Aceh province, Indonesia. Noteson process. OSRO/ INS/601/ARC Fisheries and aquaculture project, June 2010, FAO (available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/ 014/i2062e/ i2062e.pdf).
25.Mortezai, A. 2016. Identification and categorization of barriers and production challenges competitiveness in food chain companies and evaluation of the law eliminating obstacles to competitive production and advancing the financial system of the country (from the point of view of the economic actors in the food chain), Tehran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture, second edition: 134p.
26.Phillips, M., Subasinghe, R., Tran,N., Kassam, L., and Chan, C.Y.2015. Aquaculture BigNumbers. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. Rome, FAO. 69p.
27.Pourkazemi, M. 2006. Caspian Sea sturgeon conservation and fisheries: past present and future. J. Appl. Ichthyol.
22: 12-16.
28.World Bank. 2012. Hidden harvest: the global contribution of capture fisheries.Washington, DC.