بررسی آلودگی میکروپلاستیک در رسوبات سواحل دریای خزر (منطقه مورد مطالعه، سواحل استان مازندران: ساری و بابلسر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات آب‌های دریایی، پژوهشکده علوم شیلاتی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، چابهار، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.

4 گروه آبزی پروری، دانشکده شیلات، دانشگاه Munzur، TR62000، Tunceli، ترکیه.

5 گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

6 دانشکده شیلات و حفاظت از آبها، مرکز تحقیقات آبزی پروری و تنوع زیستی هیدروژنازهای بوهمی جنوبی، موسسه تحقیقاتی ماهی و هیدروبیولوژی، دانشگاه بوهمای جنوبی ، جمهوری چک.

چکیده

این مطالعه به بررسی اندازه، نوع و منابع میکروپلاستیک (MPs) در رسوبات سطحی ساحلی و دریا جمع‌آوری‌شده از منطقه ساحلی جنوب دریای خزر، استان مازندران شهرهای ساری و بابلسر می‌پردازد. در مجموع 12 نمونه رسوب در سال 1401 برای شناسایی MP با استفاده از استریومیکروسگوپ مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ترکیبات پلیمری آنها با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی مادون قرمز تبدیل فوریه بازتاب کل ضعیف (ATR-FTIR) مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد که بابلسر، فاصله 5 متر از ساحل با 15/165 ± 660 قطعه در یک کیلوگرم از رسوبات خشک بیشترین فراوانی میکروپلاستیک و ایستگاه ساری، فاصله 500 متر با 33/81 ± 220 قطعه در کیلوگرم کمترین فراوانی را داشت. میانگین میکروپلاستیک‌های مشاهده شده در تمامی ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه 33/161 ± 66/406 بود. بیشترین فراوانی را میکروپلاستیک‌های رشته‌ای (%33/80) و کمترین فراوانی را فیلم‌ها (28/3 %) داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که گروه 3000-1000 میکرومتر با 34/39 % بیشترین فراوانی را داشتند، در حالی که گروه 200˂ با 10/4 % کمترین فراوانی را داشتند. رنگ‌های سیاه-طوسی با 82/50 % بیشترین و رنگ زرد با 28/3 % کمترین فراوانی را داشتند. ترکیب پلیمری میکروپلاستیک‌ها عمدتاً پلی اتیلن ترفتالات (PET، 30٪)، پلی استایرن (PS، 20٪)، پلی آمید (PA، 20٪) و پلی پروپیلن (PP، 15٪) است. نتیجه می گیریم که میکروپلاستیک در رسوبات ساحلی منبع پیچیده ای دارد که بیشتر از توریسم، فاضلاب و بسته بندی مشتق شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on Microplastics occurrence in sediments of coastal areas of Caspian Sea, Mazandaran province (study areas: Babolsar and Sari shoreline)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Gholizadeh 1
  • Tahereh Bagheri 2
  • Mohammad Harsij 3
  • Durali Danabas 4
  • Mohammad Zakeri 5
  • Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique 6
1 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
2 Offshore Water Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
4 Dept. of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
5 Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
6 Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrogenases, Research Institute of Fish and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic.
چکیده [English]

This study examines the characteristic of microplastics (MPs) in sediments collected from the coastal areas of the southern Caspian Sea, Mazandaran province (Babolsar and Sari cities). Twelve sites for sediment sampling selected during 2022. MPs identification detected primarily under stereomicroscope and then ascertains and discovers their polymer composition by ATR-FTIR. The results showed that Babolsar areas, with 5 meters far from the shoreline, had the most abundance (660±165.15items/Kg). On the other hand, Sari station with 500 meters far from the shoreline contained the least MPs (220±81.33). Average number of detected MPs in all samples was 406.66±161.33. Fibers (80.33%) were the most abundant MPs, whereas films (3.28%) detected the least. In the case of size, the range of 1000-3000µm showed the most abundant MPs (39.34%) and MPs less than 2 µm the least ones (4.10%). Gray and black (50.82%) was the dominant color and yellow (3.28%) was rarely detected color (3.28%). Polymer constituent of examined MPs includes: (PET: 30%); (PS: 20%); (PA: 20%); and (PP: 15%). The findings of this study revealed that MPs occurrence in coastal sediments distribute from several sources; including tourism as well as wastewaters and packaging. These activities cause entering plastic litters along the coastal areas and their degradation accelerated t MPs distribution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microplastic pollution
  • ATR-FTIR
  • Sediment
  • Caspian Sea
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