ببررسی شاخص های خونی بچه ماهیان کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) تغذیه شده با عصاره گیاه گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) در مواجهه با تنش شوری تحت کشنده

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرکان

2 عضو هیئت علمی

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 عضو هیئت علمی. مرکز تحقیقات ذخایر آبزیان آبهای داخلی-گرگان

چکیده

در این تحقیق، اثرات تغذیه‌ای عصاره گیاه گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) بر شاخص‌های خونشناسی بچه ماهیان کپورمعمولی (Cyprinus carpio) در مواجهه با تنش شوری تحت کشنده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور ماهیان با میانگین وزنی 13/0±51/9 گرم به مدت 70 روز با سطوح مختلف شامل صفر (شاهد)، 5/0، 5/1 و 3 درصد عصاره گیاه گلرنگ در جیره تغذیه شدند. در پایان دوره ماهیان با شوری غیر کشنده مواجهه شده و بررسی‌ شاخص‌های خونی در زمان‌های پیش از استرس شوری و نیز 6 ، 24 و 48 ساعت پس از مواجهه با شوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت . بر اساس نتایج تعداد گلبول قرمز در ماهیان گروه شاهد پیش از مواجهه با استرس شوری به‌طور معنی‌دار بالاتر از ماهیان گروه‌های تیمار بود و نیز تعداد گلبول سفید در ماهیان گروه شاهد به‌طور معنی‌دار کمتر از ماهیان گروه‌های تیمار پیش از استرس شوری اندازه-گیری شد (05/0˂ P). در تمامی ماهیان 6 ساعت پس از مواجهه با شوری تحت کشنده مقادیر گلبول‌های قرمز، هماتوکریت، هموگلوبین افزایش یافت (05/0˂ P). مقادیر گلبول‌های قرمز در زمان‌های 24 و 48 ساعت پس از مواجهه شوری روند کاهشی داشت اما سایر فاکتورهای یاد شده در طی 48 ساعت روند افزایشی داشتند. در عین حال مقادیر در زمان 48 ساعت پس از مواجهه مقادیر هموگلوبین در ماهیان گروه تغذیه شده با 5/1% و 3% عصاره گلرنگ در جیره نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها بالاتر بوده و همچنین تعداد گلبولهای قرمز در این گروه‌ها بطور معنی‌دار کمتر از گروه‌های شاهد و تیمار 5/0% ثبت گردید (05/0˂ P)

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Haematological study of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) extract fed common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings exposed to sub lethal salinity stress

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Sudagar 3
3 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

In this study, effect of dietary safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) extract on hematological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings in salinity sub-lethal stress was investigated. In this regard, fish with average weight of 9.51±0.13 g were fed with different levels of safflower extract (0 (control), 0.5, 1.5 and 3 % in diet) for 70 days. At the end of rearing period, the fish were exposed to a sub lethal salinity stress and for hematological indices were studied in four times including before salinity stress, 6, 12 and 48 h after salinity stress. According to the results red blood cell count (RBC) was significantly higher in fish of control group compare with treatment groups, and white blood cells (WBC) was recorded lower in fish of control group compare to treatments (P ˂ 0.05). In all of studied fish levels of RBC, WBC, hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) increased 6 h post challenge. Red blood cell counts (RBC) increase 24 h and 48 h after salinity stress but other mentioned factors decrease during 48 h post challenge. On the other hand, levels of hemoglobin 48 h after salinity stress in fish that fed with 1.5% and 3% safflower extract in diets were significantly higher compared to other groups and WBC in these fish were recorded lower compare to others 48 h post challenge too (P ˂ 0.05).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • safflower
  • Salinity stress
  • hematology
  • Common carp
1. Ahmad, M.H., El Mesallamy, A.M.D., Samir, F., and Zahran, F. 2011. Effect of
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on Growth Performance, Feed
Utilization, Whole-Body Composition, and Resistance to Aeromonas
hydrophila in Nile Tilapia. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 23: 289–298.
2. Alishahi, M., Soltani, M., Mesbah, M., and Zargar, A. 2011. Safety and growth
stimulating effects of Levamisole, Oragusan and three plant extracts in common
carp. Journal of Veterinary Research. (67)2: 135-142. (In Persian)
3. Babaii Nezhad, L., Bahrkazemy, M., Saeedi, A.A., and Khan Zamany
Mohammadi, M. 2013. Effects of two anesthetic lidocaine, sodium bicarbonate
and herbal clove oil on blood parameters and cortisol in broodstock of white
fish of Caspian Sea (Rutilus frisiikutum). Breeding and Aquaculture Sciences
Journal. (2)1: 11-22. (In Persian)
4. Barton, B.A., and Iwama, G.K. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress
in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids.
Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 1: 3-26.
5. Barton, B.A., Weiner, G.S., and Schreck, C.B. 1985. Effect of prior acid
exposure on physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnen)
to acute handling stress. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
42: 710-717.
6. Bohlouli Oskoii, S., Tahmasebi Kohyani, A., Parseh, A., Salati, A.P., and
Sadeghi, E. 2012. Effects of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea on
growth indices and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish physiology and biochemistry. 38(4):
1029-1034.
7. Clauss, T.M., Dove, A.D.M., and Arnold, J.E. 2008: Hematologic Disorders of
Fish. Veterinary Clinic of North America Exotic Animal Practice. 11(3): 445-
462.
8. Dacie, J.V., and Lewis, S.M. 2001. Practical Haematology. 9th edition.
Churchill Livingstone, London, 633p.
9. Dadvaran, S.P., Ghaeni, M., and Askari Sari, A. 2013. The effect of garlic
(Allium sativum) extract on some blood and immune indices fish trout
fingerlings. Journal of Herbal Drugs. (4)4: 162-169. (In Persian)
10.Davis, A.K., Maney, D.L., and Maerz, J.C. 2008. The use of leukocyte profiles
to measure stress in vertebrates: a review for ecologists. Functional Ecology.
22(5): 760-772.
11.Dorucu, M., Ozesen Colak, S., Ispir, U., Altinterim, B., and Celayir, Y. 2009.
The Effect of Black Cumin Seeds, Nigella sativa, on the Immune Response of
Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mediterranean Aquaculture. 2(1): 27-33.
12.Erdemoglu, N., Kupeli, E., and Yesilada, E. 2003. Anti–inflammatory and
antinociceptive assessment of plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 89: 123–129.
13.Fan, L., Zhao, H.Y., Xu, M., Zhou, L., Guo, H., Han, J., and Guo, D.A. 2009.
Qualitative evaluation and quantitative determination of 10 major active
components in Carthamus tinctorius L. by high-performance liquid
chromatography coupled with diode array detector. Journal of Chromatography
A. 1216(11): 2063-2070.
14.Francis-Floyd, R. 2009. Stress- Its Role in Fish Disease. University of Florida,
IFAS Extension, 1-4.
15.Ghahraman, A. 1996. Caryofits in Iran (Plant Systematics), Press Center,
Tehran University, the second volume, 187p. (In Persian)
16.Ghasemi Pirbalooti, A., Pir Ali, A., Pishkar, Gh.R., Jalali, S.M.A., Raisi, M.,
Jafarian dehkordi, M., and Hamedi, b. 2011. The effect of several medicine herb
on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). Journal of
Herbal Medicines. 2: 149-155. (In Persian)
17.Ghelichpour, M., Shabani, A., and Shabanpour, B. 2010. Genetic diversity of
the two populations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Gharahsu and Anzali
regions using eight microsatellite markers. Taxonomy and Biosystematics. 5:
41-48. (In Persian)
18.Hafez Amini, P., and Oryan, Sh. 2002. Effects of sodium chloride stress on
hematocrit and hemoglobin in common carp. Iranian Scientific Fisheries
Journal. (3)11: 13-22. (In Persian)
19.Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C., and Heo M.S. 2011. Impact of plant
products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and
shellfish. Aquaculture. 317: 1-15.
20.Harikrishnan, R., NishRani, M., and Balasundaram, C. 2003. Hematological
and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal
treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture. 221: 41–50.
21.Houston, A.H., and Rupert, R. 1997. Immediate response of hemoglobin system
of gold fish (Cyprinus auratus) to tempera change. Canadian Journal of
Zoology. 54: 1731-1741.
22.Jensen, F.B., Lecklin, T., Busk, M., Bury, N.R., Wilson, R., Wood, C.M., and
Grosell, M. 2002. Physiology impact of salinity increase at organism and red
blood cell levels in European flounder (Platichthy flesus). Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 274: 159-174.
23.Kazerani Farahani, M. 2009. Evaluation of some haematological parameters in
some of the fish family Acipenseridae. Journal of Animal Biology. (1)2: 57-61.
(In Persian)
24.Khansari, A., Yavari, V., Alishahi, M., Mousavi, S.M., Ghorbanpoor, M.,
Bastami, K.D., and Azizi, S. 2013. Effects of Oliviera decumbens and Satureja
khuzestanica extract on some immunological and haematological parameters of
Cyprinus carpio. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 22(3): 339-342.
25.Li, H.X., Han, S.Y., Wang, X.W., Ma, X., Zhang, K., Wang, L., and Tu, P.F.
2009. Effect of the carthamins yellow from Carthamus tinctorius L. on
hemorheological disorders of blood stasis in rats. Food and Chemical
Toxicology. 47(8): 1797-1802
26.Maxime, V., Peyraud-Waitzenegger, M., Claireaux, G., and Peyraud, C. 1990.
Effects of rapid transfer from sea water to fresh water on respiratory variables,
blood acid– base status and 02 affinity of haemoglobin in Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar L.). Journal of Comparative Physiology. 160: 31– 39.
27.Mesbah, M., Mohammadian, T., Karami, A., Molayem Raftar, T., and Nazari,
M. 2015. The effects of Salinity on some blood parameters and cortisol in
Benny fish (Mesopotamichthys Sharpeyi). Journal of Aquatic Ecology, (2)5: 68-
78. (In Persian)
28.Milligan, C.L., and Wood, C.M. 1982. Disturbances in haematology, fluid
volume distribution and circulatory function associated with low environmental
pH in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of Experimental Biology. 99:
397-415.
29.Ololade, I.A., and Oginni, O. 2010. Toxic stress and hematological effects of
nickel on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fingerlings. Journal of
environmental chemistry and Ecotoxicology. 2(2): 014-019.
30.Plante, S., Audet, C., Lambert, Y., and Deianone, J. 2003. Capmarision of stress
responses in wild and captive winter flouder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus
walbaum) brood stock. Aquaculture Research. 34: 803- 812.
31.Ramsay, J.M., Feist, G.W., Varga, Z.M., Westerfield, M., Kent, M.L., and
Schreck, C.B. 2006. Whole- body Cortisol is an indicator of crowding stress in
adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Aquaculture. 258: 565- 574.
32.Roozi, E., Mooraki, N., Zorriye Zahra, S.G., and Haghighi, M. 2013. The effect
of cinnamon in the diet of fish on Green Terror indices, blood, blood glucose
and survival. Breeding and Aquaculture Sciences Journal. (3)1: 41-52. (In
Persian)
33.Rozani, S.A., Haghi, N., and Avarje, S. 2013. The effects of salinity and
temperature stress on blood factors of Common carp fry. Aquatic Physiological
and Biotechnology. (2)1: 1-19. (In Persian)
34.Rubio, V.C., Sánchez- Vázquez, F.J., and Madrid, J.A. 2005. Effects of salinity
on food intake and macronutrient selection in European sea bass. Physiology
and Behavior. 85(3): 333-339.
35.Sakai, M. 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture.
172: 63-92.
36.Salati, A.P., C., Baghyan Zade, A., Soltani, M., Peyghan, R., and Riyazi, Gh.
2010. Haematological parameters and plasma metabolic response to different
salinity levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian journal of veterinary
medicine. (2)4: 49-52. (In Persian)
37.Yazdani Sadati, M.A., Hoshyar, E., Bany, A., Kazemi, R., Hallajian, A., and
Poordehqhan, M. 2013. The study seasonal changes blood indices of Siberian
sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) in the enclosure Journal of exploitation and
aquaculture. (2)2: 17-32. (In Persian)
38.Yildiz, H.Y., and Uzbilek, M.K. 2001. The evaluation of secondary stress
response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after exposing to the saline
water. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 25: 287-292.
39.Yilmaz, S., Ergün S., and Türk, N. 2012. Effects of cumin-supplemented diets
on growth and disease (Streptococcus iniae) resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis
mossambicus). Journal of Aquaculture. 64: 1-5.
40.Zhou, X., Tang, L., Xu, Y., Zhou, G., and Wang, Z. 2014. Towards a better
understanding of medicinal uses of Carthamus tinctorius L. in traditional
Chinese medicine: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of
ethnopharmacology. 151(1): 27-43