The effect of dietary supplementation with glycine on hematological and biochemical indices of blood plasma in beluga (Huso huso)

Document Type : scientific research article

Author

Corresponding Author, Research Assistant Prof., Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Rearing of sturgeon is of great importance in Iran, and diet is one of its important factor. A lot of research has been executed on the nutrition of these fish, but more researches are needed to complete this knowledge. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of adding glycine to the diet on hematological parameters, protein concentration and plasma enzyme activity in beluga (Huso huso). For this purpose, the fish were fed diets enriched with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 and 1% glycine for 8 weeks. The results showed that the number of red blood cells, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin concentration in 0.25% and 0.5% glycine treatment were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). Also, these treatments had lower alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities than the control (P < 0.05). 1% glycine treatment showed a significant increase in total plasma protein concentration, compared to the control treatment (P < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, globulin, ammonia, and alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities among the treatments (P > 0.05).. Based on these results, adding 0.25-0.5% glycine to the diet of beluga can improve hematological indicators.

Keywords


  1. 1.Halver, J.E., and Hardy, R.W. 2003. Nutrient flow and retention. Fish nutrition: Elsevier; pp. 755-70.

    2.Hoseini, S.M., Taheri Mirghaed, A., Mazandarani, M., and Zoheiri, F. 2016. Serum cortisol, glucose, thyroid hormones' and non-specific immune responses of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus to exogenous tryptophan and acute stress. Aquaculture. 462: 17-23.

    3.Hoseini, S.M., Hosseini, S.A., Eskandari, S., and Amirahmadi, M. 2016. Effect of dietary taurine and methionine supplementation on growth performance, body composition, taurine retention and lipid status of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897), fed with plantā€based diet. Aquacult Nutr. 24: 324-31.

    4.Hoseini, S.M., Hosseini, S.A., and Soudagar, M. 2013. Effect of dietary free L-Lysine on growth performance and muscle composition of Beluga Huso huso (Linnaeus 1785) juveniles. Int. J. Aquat. Biol. 1: 42-7.

    5.Li, P., and Wu, G. 2018. Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth. Amino Acids. 50: 29-38.

    6.McCarty, M.F., O'Keefe, J.H., and DiNicolantonio, J.J. 2018. Dietary glycine is rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis and may have broad potential for health protection. Ochsner J. 18: 81-7.

    7.Rossi Jr, W., Allen, K.M., Habte-Tsion, H.M., and Meesala, K.M. 2021. Supplementation of glycine, prebiotic, and nucleotides in soybean meal-based diets for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Effects on production performance, whole-body nutrient composition and retention, and intestinal histopathology. Aquaculture. 532: 736031.

    8.Xie, S., Tian, L., Niu, J., Liang, G., and Liu, Y. 2017. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione synthesis, and antioxidative ability of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 43: 1011-20.

    9.Xie, S., Zhou, W., Tian, L., Niu, J., and Liu, Y. 2016. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione synthesis, anti-oxidative and immune ability of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 55: 233-41.

    10.Xie, S.W., Tian, L.X., Jin, Y., Yang, H.J., Liang, G.Y., and Liu, Y.J. 2014. Effect of glycine supplementation on growth performance, body composition and salinity stress of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed low fishmeal diet. Aquaculture. 418-419: 159-64.

    11.Hoseini, S.M., Vatnikov, Y.A., Kulikov, E.V., Petrov, A.K., Hoseinifar, S.H., and Van Doan, H. 2019. Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on ureagenesis and amino acid metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ambient ammonia. Aquaculture. 511: 734209.

    12.Hoseini, S.M., Majidiyan, N., Mirghaed, A.T., Hoseinifar, S.H., and Van Doan, H. 2022. Dietary glycine supplementation alleviates transportation-induced stress in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture. 551: 737959.

    1. Hoseini, S.M., Paolucci, M., Arghideh, M., Hosseinpour Delavar, F., Zavvar, F., Hoseinifar, S.H., and Van Doan, H. 2022. Effects of dietary glycine administration on biochemical responses to ammonia toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquac Res. 53: 2185-94.
    2. AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.

    15.Bain, B.J., Lewis, S.M., and Bates, I. 2006. Chapter 3 - Basic haematological techniques. In: Bates SMLJB, editor. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology (Tenth Edition). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; pp. 25-57.

    16.Fazio, F. 2019. Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: A review. Aquaculture. 500: 237-42.

    1. Buentello, J.A., Reyes-Becerril, M., de Jesús Romero-Geraldo, M., and de Jesús Ascencio-Valle, F. 2007. Effects of dietary arginine on hematological parameters and innate immune function of channel catfish. J Aquat Anim Health. 19: 195-203.
    2. Michelato, M., Zaminhan, M., Boscolo, W.R., Nogaroto, V., Vicari, M., and Artoni, R.F. 2017. Dietary histidine requirement of Nile tilapia juveniles based on growth performance, expression of muscle-growth-related genes and haematological responses. Aquaculture. 467: 63-70.
    3. Khan, M., and Abidi, S. 2011. Dietary arginine requirement of Heteropneustes fossilis fry (Bloch) based on growth, nutrient retention and haematological parameters. Aquacult. Nutr. 17: 418-28.
    4. Kim, K.M., Kingsmore, S.F., Han, H., Yang-Feng, T.L., Godinot, N., and Seldin, M.F. 1994. Cloning of the human glycine transporter type 1: molecular and pharmacological characterization of novel isoform variants and chromosomal localization of the gene in the human and mouse genomes. Mol. Pharmacol. 45: 608.
    5. Angermeier, S.M., Shepard, M.D., and Tunnicliff, G. 1996. Glycine transport by the red cells of channel catfish. Can. J. Zool. 74:688-92.

    22.Winter, M., Funk, J., Körner, A., Alberati, D., Christen, F., and Schmitt, G. 2016. Effects of GlyT1 inhibition on erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis in rats. Exp. Hematol. 44: 964-74.e4.

    1. Wardani, W.W., Alimuddin, A., Junior, M.Z., Setiawati, M., Nuryati, S., and Suprayudi, M.A. 2021. Growth performance, robustness against stress, serum insulin, IGF-1 and GLUT4 gene expression of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed diet containing graded levels of creatine. Aquacult. Nutr. 27: 274-86.

    24.Ghelichpour, M., Taheri Mirghaed, A., Mirzargar, S.S., Joshaghani, H., and Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H. 2017. Plasma proteins, hepatic enzymes, thyroid hormones and liver histopathology of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to an oxadiazin pesticide, indoxacarb. Aquac Res. 48: 5666-76.

    25.Ghelichpour, M., Taheri Mirghaed, A., Hoseini, S.M., and Perez Jimenez, A. 2020. Plasma antioxidant and hepatic enzymes activity, thyroid hormones alterations and health status of liver tissue in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to lufenuron. Aquaculture. 516:734634.

    26.Taheri Mirghaed, A., Ghelichpour, M., Hoseini, S.M., and Amini, K. 2017. Hemolysis interference in measuring fish plasma biochemical indicators. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 34: 1143-51.