Aymandl, K.A., Farshad, A.A., Myrbdallh, L., [The trend of increasing nitrate concentrations in gro-undwater wells West of Tehran]. Iran J Pub Health 2000; 4: 196-102. (In Persian)
Bergheim, A., Aabel, J.P., and Seymour, E.A. 1991. Past and present approaches to aquaculture waste management in Norwegian net pen culture operations. In: Cowey, C.B., Cho, C.Y. (Eds.), Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Nutritional Strategies in Management of Aquaculture Waste. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Pp: 117–136.
Boaventura, R., Pedro, A.M., Coimbra, J., and Lencastre, E. 1997. Trout farm effluents: characterization and impact on the receiving streams. Environmental Pollution, 95(3): 379–387.
Bradfield, A.E. 1985. Laboratory studies of energy budgets. In: Tytler, P., and Calow, P. (Eds.). Fish Energetic: New Perspective. John Hopkins University Press. Pp: 257-281.
Colt J., and Armstrong, D. 1981. Nitrogen toxicity to fish, crustaceans and mollusks. In: Allen J., Kiney E. (Eds.). Proceeding of the bio-Engineering Symposium for the fish culture. Fish culture Section, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA. pp: 34-47.
Dedeke, G., Owa, S., Olurin, K., Akinfe, A., and Awotedu, O. 2013. Partial replacement of fish meal by earthworm meal (Libyodrilus violaceus) in diets for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture. 5: 229-233.
Edwards, C.A. 2004. Earthworm Ecology: the Use of Earthworms in the Breakdown of Organic Wastes to Produce Vermicomposts and Animal Feed Protein. 2nd edition.CRC Press. 448p.
Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q., and Sherman, R.L. 2010. Vermiculture Technology; Earthworms, Organic Wastes, and Environmental Management,CRC press. 578p.
Hall, P.O.J., Holby, O., Kollberg, S., and Samuelsson, M.O. 1992. Chemical fluxes and mass balances in a marine fish cage farm. 4. Nitrogen. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 89(1): 81–91.
Jha, P., Barat, S., and Nayak, C.R. 2008. Fish production, water quality and bacteriological parameters of koi carp ponds under live-food and manure
based management regimes. Zoological Research, 29: 165-173.
Kaushik, S.J. 1998. Nutritional bioenergetics and estimation of waste production in non salmonids. Aquatic Living Resource, 11: 211–217.
Kirkajaic, M.U., Pulatsu, S., and Topcu, A. 2009. Trout farm effluent effects on water sediment quality and benthos. Clean Soil Air Water, 37: 386–391.
Krom, M.D., Porter, C., and Gordin, H. 1985. Nutrient budget of a marine fish pond in Eilat, Israel. Aquaculture, 51(1): 65–80.
Lied, E., and Braaten, B. 1984. The effect of feeding and starving, and different ratios of protein energy to total energy in the feed on the excretion of ammonia in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 78: 49-52.
Maillard, V.M., Boardman, G.D., Nyland, J.E., and Kuhn, D.D. 2005. Water quality and sludge characterization at raceway-system trout farms. Aquacultural Enginering, 33: 271–284.
McDaniel, N.K., Sugiura, S.H., Kehler, T., Fletcher, J.W., Coloso, R.M., Weis, P., Ronaldo, P., and Ferraris, R.P. 2005. Dissolved oxygen and dietary phosphorus modulate utilization and effluent partitioning of phosphorus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. Environmental Pollution, 138: 350-357.
Merino, G.E., Piedrahita, R.H., and Conklin, D.E. 2007. Ammonia and urea excretion rates of California halibut (Paralichthys californicus, Ayres) under farm-like conditions. Aquaculture, 271: 227-243.
Milden, A., and Redding, T. 1998. Environmental Management for Aquaculture. Chapman and Hall Aquaculture Series 2. Chapmen and Hall, London, Weinheim. New York, Philadelphia. 223p.
Mmochi, A.J., Dubi, A.M., Mamboya, F.A., and Mwandya, A.W. 2002. Effects of Fish Culture on Water Quality of an Integrated Mariculture Pond System. Western Indian Ocean Journal Marine Science, 1: 53-56.
Naderijlodar, M., EsmailiSari, A., Ahmadi, M.R., SeifAbadi, C.J., and Abdoli, A. 2006. Pollution of rainbow trout fish shop on the Haraz river water quality parameters. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3: 21-26.
(In Persian)
Neori, A., Krom, M.D., Cohen, I., and Cohen, H. 1989. Water quality conditions and particulate chlorophyll a of new intensive seawater fishponds in Eilat, Israel: Daily and diel variations. Aquaculture, 80: 63-78.
Nordvarg, L., and Johansson, T. 2002. The effects of fish farm effluents on the water quality in the land archipelago, Baltic Sea. Aquacultural Engineering. 25: 253– 279.
NRC. (2011). Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. The National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 392p.
Orbcastel, E.R., Blancheton, J.P., Boujard, T., Aubin, J., Moutounet, Y., Przybyla, C., and Belaud, A. 2008. Comparison of two methods for evaluating waste of a flow through trout farm. Aquaculture, 274: 72-79.
Rahimibashar, M.R., Alipoor, V., and Issazade, K. 2012. Environment effects of fish culture pond on chemical factors and water quality in the Shenrod River (North of Iran). Iranian Journal of Fisheries, 8: 358-363. (In Persian)
Ramnarine, I.W., Pirie, J.M., Johnstone, A.D.F., and Smith, G.W. 1987. The influence of ration size and feeding frequency on ammonia excretion by juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. Journal of Fish Biology, 31: 545-559.
Rezvani, A., Mojazi Amiri, B., Manouchehri, H., Abadian, R. 2011. Measurement of gonaddal develOpment of Astronotus ocellatus (Cuvier, 1829) as a result of feeding earthworm (Eisenia foetida). International Journal of research in Fisheries and Aquaculture. 1(1): 11-13.
Shamsaei Mehrjan, M., and Amini, Sh. 2011. Producing possibility of earth worm (Eiseniafoetida) in warm water fish farms in order to apply in common carp feeding. Journal of Fisheries,
5(3): 109-117. (In Persaian)
Sogbesan, A., and Ugwumba, A. 2008. Nutritional values of some non-conventional animal protein feedstuffs used as fishmeal supplement in aquaculture practices in Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences., 8: 159-164.
Sohrabian, B., Javid, A.H., Avazpoor, M., and Sadooghi, Z. 2009. Effluent quality in fish ponds and its impact on the cabbage juice indicator acceptor using NSF. Twelfth National Conference on Environmental Health, Tehran, Iran, Pp: 1737-1726. (In Persian)
Solimani, M., Sajadi, M., and Falahatkar, B. 2015. Replacment of fish powder with earthworm powder in diets of Siberian daisies and its effect on growth performance, food efficiency and carcass composition. Journal homepage:
http://jae.hormozgan.ac.ir; 5(3): 21-30 (In Persian)
Stewart, N.T., Boardman, G.D., and Helfrich, L.A. 2006. Treatment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raceway effluent using baffled sedimentation and artificial substrates. Aquacultural Engineering, 35: 166-178.
Tacon, A., Stafford, E., Edwards, C. 1983. A preliminary investigation of the nutritive value of three terrestrial lumbricid worms for rainbow trout. Aquaculture. 35: 187-199.
Tanaka, Y., and Kadowaki, S. 1995. Kinetics of Nitrogen Excretion by Cultured Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 26: 188-193.
Tuan, N.N., Pucher, J., Becker, K., and Focken, U. 2015. Earthworm powder as an alternative protein source in diets for common carp (CyprinuscarpioL.). Aquaculture Research doi:10.1111/ are.12743.
Wedemeyer, G.A. 1996. Physiology of Fish in Intensive Culture System. International Thompson Publishing, New York. 260p.
Yousefi, Z., and Ghomian, M. [Evaluation of groundwater nitrate Litkoh Amol down the street in the winter of 2003]. J Pub Health 2003; 5: 451-8. (Persian)
Zhang, E., Wang, B., Wang, Q., Zhang, S., and Zhao, B. 2008. Ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate removal by immobilized Scenedesmus sp. isolated from municipal wastewater for potential use in tertiary treatment. Bioresource Technology, 99(9): 3787-3793.
)
